Exam 8: Acid Base Balance

Carbonic acid is produced in the largest quantity and is the major source of hydrogen ions in the body.

breathing difficulties. He is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis, hypertension, gout, and coronary artery disease.

 

Height: 5'9"   Weight: 220 pounds

 

LABS:                                 Normal Values                            Arterial BGs:                          Normal values

Na = 133 mEq/L                   (135–147) mEq/L                         pH = 7.9                              (7.35–7.45)

Cl = 103 mEq/L                    (95–107) mEq/L                           pCO2 = 30 mmHg                (35–45) mmHg

K = 4.1 mEq/L                      (3.5–5.2) mEq/L                           pO2 = 96 mmHg                   (70–100) mmHg

Glucose = 207 mmol/L         (up to 140) mmol/L                      HCO3 = 26 mEq/L               (19–25) mEq/L

BUN = 25 mmol/L                (7–20) mmol/L

Creatinine = 1.5 mmol/L       (0.5–1.4) mmol/L

Albumin 3.2 mmol/L             (3.2–5) mmol/L

Cholesterol = 320 mmol/L     (< 200) mmol/L

 

Mr. X is likely to have -Mr. X is likely to have which acid-base disorder?

Respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, result in the inability to maintain adequate oxygenation or release of _______________.

Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis may occur when a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receives _______________.

In terms of mixed acid-base disorders, which of the following is not possible?

Acidemia is the actual decrease in pH within the body to:

Which of the following buffer systems acts as the primary buffer against non-carbonic-acid changes in the extracellular fluid?

In respiratory alkalosis, the major cellular buffering defense available is expiration of CO₂by the lungs.

Changes in respiration result in rapid changes in CO₂levels in infants due to their:

Nonvolatile or _______________ acids include those inorganic acids that are produced during the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid.

_______________ present in the plasma can act as buffers; their contribution is most important intracellularly.

breathing difficulties. He is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis, hypertension, gout, and coronary artery disease.

 

Height: 5'9"   Weight: 220 pounds

 

LABS:                                 Normal Values                            Arterial BGs:                          Normal values

Na = 133 mEq/L                   (135–147) mEq/L                         pH = 7.9                              (7.35–7.45)

Cl = 103 mEq/L                    (95–107) mEq/L                           pCO2 = 30 mmHg                (35–45) mmHg

K = 4.1 mEq/L                      (3.5–5.2) mEq/L                           pO2 = 96 mmHg                   (70–100) mmHg

Glucose = 207 mmol/L         (up to 140) mmol/L                      HCO3 = 26 mEq/L               (19–25) mEq/L

BUN = 25 mmol/L                (7–20) mmol/L

Creatinine = 1.5 mmol/L       (0.5–1.4) mmol/L

Albumin 3.2 mmol/L             (3.2–5) mmol/L

Cholesterol = 320 mmol/L     (< 200) mmol/L

 

Mr. X is likely to have -Which compensatory disorder could Mr. X develop?

Which body fluid is most likely to be buffered by the phosphate buffer system?

What is the definition of metabolic alkalosis?

The Henderson-Hasselbach equation has been used to explain the interrelationships between H₂O, HCO₃^-, and pH.

To maintain pH, a healthy, normal functioning kidney will reabsorb the majority of:

_______________ acids are those that can be converted to a gaseous form and eliminated by the lungs.

Poisoning from the consumption of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) leads to:

_______________ are also produced as a result of starvation or fasting, fever, exercise, and some disease states.

Ammonia is best classified as a(n) ____.