Question 1

Explain what methods are used to feed the critically ill and when weaning can occur.

Accepted Answer

For critically ill individuals, nutritional needs can rarely be met by the oral route, and alternate feeding routes including both enteral and parenteral nutrition are standard components of the medical and nutritional care. As recovery proceeds and the patient is able, oral feedings can be initiated. Weaning from nutrition support is recommended when the patient is able to meet at least 60% of nutritional needs orally. Nutritional requirements will need to be adjusted as the patient heals and the focus of therapy shifts to rehabilitation.

Question 2

Explain why nutrition therapy is so important for burn injuries.

Accepted Answer

The patient with a burn injury is at significant nutritional risk due to the hypermetabolic, catabolic response that occurs after the injury. It is estimated that as much as 20% of body protein can be lost within the first 2 weeks of a burn injury. Fluid imbalance, pain, and immobility make it difficult for the patient with extensive burns to maintain his or her nutritional status. And the patient requires optimal nutrition therapy to support wound healing during the treatment and recovery phases.

Question 3

Which of the following drugs is an example of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

A)  nevirapine 
B)  enfuvirtide 
C)  zidovudine 
D)  saquinavir 
E)  elvitegravir 
A)  nevirapine 
B)  enfuvirtide 
C)  zidovudine 
D)  saquinavir 
E)  elvitegravir C

Question 4

Patients are required to refrain from eating or drinking for at least _______________ hours before surgery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patients are required to refrain from eating...

Question 5

Compared to parenteral nutrition, _______________ is more cost-effective and is associated with reduced infectious complications, fewer surgical interventions, and fewer hospital days.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to parenteral nutrition, _______________ is more...

Question 6

Provide a comprehensive definition of sepsis.

Accepted Answer

Sepsis has historically been defined as

Question 7

Once access to the GI tract has been established, the first step in developing the nutrition prescription is choosing the appropriate enteral formula.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the most common source of burn wounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemicals 
B)  electricity 
C)  radiation 
D)  magnets 
E)  heat 
A)  chemicals 
B)  electricity 
C)  radiation 
D)  magnets 
E)  heat

Question 9

What are the daily protein requirements for burn victims?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5-0.7 g protein/kg IBW per day 
B)  0.8-1.1 g protein/kg IBW per day 
C)  1.1-1.5 g protein/kg IBW per day 
D)  1.5-2 g protein/kg IBW per day 
E)  1.9-2.4 g protein/kg IBW per day 
A)  0.5-0.7 g protein/kg IBW per day 
B)  0.8-1.1 g protein/kg IBW per day 
C)  1.1-1.5 g protein/kg IBW per day 
D)  1.5-2 g protein/kg IBW per day 
E)  1.9-2.4 g protein/kg IBW per day

Question 10

HIV is most typically transmitted via blood through sexual contact, blood _______________, intravenous needle sharing, and _______________ through blood or breast milk.

Accepted Answer

transfusio

Question 11

The degree of metabolic stress is inversely proportionate to the seriousness of the injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What are the three phases of the stress response?

Accepted Answer

A)  ebb phase, flow phase, recovery or resolution phase 
B)  injury phase, healing phase, recovery phase 
C)  reaction phase, adjustment phase, resolution phase 
D)  hyperstress phase, moderation phase, reduction phase 
E)  inflammation phase, reaction phase, recovery or resolution phase 
A)  ebb phase, flow phase, recovery or resolution phase 
B)  injury phase, healing phase, recovery phase 
C)  reaction phase, adjustment phase, resolution phase 
D)  hyperstress phase, moderation phase, reduction phase 
E)  inflammation phase, reaction phase, recovery or resolution phase

Question 13

Available assays to identify early HIV infection evaluate _______________ antigen levels and titers of viral RNA or DNA

Accepted Answer

The answer of Available assays to identify early HIV infection...

Question 14

Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) increase energy availability by stimulating glycogenolysis and increasing the release of which alternative fuel source?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  galactose 
C)  amino acids 
D)  polypeptides 
E)  fatty acids 
A)  glucose 
B)  galactose 
C)  amino acids 
D)  polypeptides 
E)  fatty acids

Question 15

For normal-weight individuals, _______________ kcal/kg of actual body weight per day is recommended during critical illness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For normal-weight individuals, _______________ kcal/kg of actual...

Question 16

What is the key difference between the body's physiological reaction to starvation and metabolic stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptation occurs during metabolic stress. 
B)  Adaptation occurs during starvation. 
C)  Starvation can lead to death. 
D)  Starvation leads to weight loss. 
E)  Metabolic stress is not related to diet. 
A)  Adaptation occurs during metabolic stress. 
B)  Adaptation occurs during starvation. 
C)  Starvation can lead to death. 
D)  Starvation leads to weight loss. 
E)  Metabolic stress is not related to diet.

Question 17

During periods of starvation, what is the primary source of fuel?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  glucose 
C)  lipids 
D)  amino acids 
E)  connective tissue 
A)  protein 
B)  glucose 
C)  lipids 
D)  amino acids 
E)  connective tissue

Question 18

Which of the following vitamins should be given to metabolically stressed patients while recovering?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamins A and B6 
B)  vitamins B7and C 
C)  vitamins C and E 
D)  vitamins D and E 
E)  vitamins D and K 
A)  vitamins A and B6 
B)  vitamins B7and C 
C)  vitamins C and E 
D)  vitamins D and E 
E)  vitamins D and K

Question 19

BM is a 35-year-old firefighter who has sustained major burns and smoke inhalation. He is taken to the burn unit, and a consult with the registered dietitian has been ordered.
HT: 6'1"          WT: 180 pounds (81.6  kg)  
-The dietitian should look for a formula that contains which of the following to induce an anti-inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  saturated fatty acids 
B)  omega-3 fatty acids 
C)  omega-6 fatty acids 
D)  probiotics 
E)  arginine 
A)  saturated fatty acids 
B)  omega-3 fatty acids 
C)  omega-6 fatty acids 
D)  probiotics 
E)  arginine

Question 20

Describe how severe burn injuries affect the nutrition assessment.

Accepted Answer

Standard nutritional parameters are affe

Exam 22: Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Explain what methods are used to feed the critically ill and when weaning can occur.

Explain why nutrition therapy is so important for burn injuries.

Which of the following drugs is an example of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors?

Patients are required to refrain from eating or drinking for at least _______________ hours before surgery.

Compared to parenteral nutrition, _______________ is more cost-effective and is associated with reduced infectious complications, fewer surgical interventions, and fewer hospital days.

Provide a comprehensive definition of sepsis.

Once access to the GI tract has been established, the first step in developing the nutrition prescription is choosing the appropriate enteral formula.

What is the most common source of burn wounds?

What are the daily protein requirements for burn victims?

HIV is most typically transmitted via blood through sexual contact, blood _______________, intravenous needle sharing, and _______________ through blood or breast milk.

The degree of metabolic stress is inversely proportionate to the seriousness of the injury.

What are the three phases of the stress response?

Available assays to identify early HIV infection evaluate _______________ antigen levels and titers of viral RNA or DNA

Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) increase energy availability by stimulating glycogenolysis and increasing the release of which alternative fuel source?

For normal-weight individuals, _______________ kcal/kg of actual body weight per day is recommended during critical illness.

What is the key difference between the body's physiological reaction to starvation and metabolic stress?

During periods of starvation, what is the primary source of fuel?

Which of the following vitamins should be given to metabolically stressed patients while recovering?

Describe how severe burn injuries affect the nutrition assessment.

Role of the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in the Health Care System

Overview the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition Informatics and Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Neoplastic Disease

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

Filters

HIV is most typically transmitted via blood through sexual contact, blood _, intravenous needle sharing, and _ through blood or breast milk.