Exam 24: Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

_______________ is secreted by the parafollicular or "C" cells of the thyroid gland when the blood calcium concentration is abnormally high.

Which of the following hormones is released when the blood calcium concentration is low?

Chondrocytes have low rates of _______________ and cell division and, when injured, cartilage heals slowly.

What body type in women is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Bone strength reflects the integration of two main features: _______________ and bone quality.

Which of the following noticeable physical deformities is characteristic of rickets?

Secondary osteoporosis is related to aging and decreased gonadal function.

Which organs are required for converting the vitamin D from the diet or synthesized in the skin into its biologically active form?

Which joint is most often affected by gout attacks?

What compound found in unrefined grains increases the risk of rickets?

Which anti-inflammatory medication significantly increases the risk of osteoporosis?

What is the most common polysaccharide found in the proteoglycan molecules of cartilage?

Research indicates that people residing above what latitude have insufficient sunlight exposure for optimal synthesis of vitamin D?

_______________ account for up to 80% of the variance in peak bone mass between individuals.

Define osteoporosis.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that beginning at 2 months of age, exclusively breastfed infants be given a daily multivitamin supplement containing how much vitamin D?

Nicotine and cadmium in tobacco smoke are toxic to what type of cells?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder that mainly affects _____.

List the primary nonmodifiable risk factors for arthritis.

List the principal types of cells that are found in osseous tissue.