Exam 24: Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Collagen makes up about half of the total body protein by weight.

What are three main physical characteristics of osteoarthritis?

KL is a 72-year-old African American female living in a long-term care facility close to the Canadian border. She has a history of RA, which was well controlled until recently. She reports taking calcium supplements and eating lots of cheese. She arrives at the hospital with a hip fracture following a fall. Height: 5'8" Weight: 210 pounds -What is the best practical advice that can be given to KL to help prevent future fractures?

Which of the following acids reduces intestinal absorption of calcium?

What is a common consequence of osteoporosis, which leads to loss of height?

A major consequence of long-standing vitamin D deficiency is increased intestinal calcium absorption leading to hypercalcemia, which, in turn, results in decreased secretion of PTH.

The average adult body contains about 500-800 g of _______________ and 85%-90% of this is in the bones.

What type of diet increases the risk of gout?

Describe the treatment for osteomalacia.

Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease in humans.

Increased serum concentration of which acid contributes to the development of gout?

Outline the differences among rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis.

What is the recommended daily amount of vitamin D for adults above 70 years?

Which of the following cheese types is the best source of calcium?

Describe the causes of secondary osteoporosis.

Chronic hyperuricemia can result in the formation of _______________crystals in the joints and the soft tissues surrounding the joints, which form large deposits called tophi.

What type of bone-removing cells dissolve the mineral component of the bone matrix and play a major role in bone resorption?

_______________ reduces bone turnover; prevents bone loss; increases BMD by 5%-10% in the hip, spine, and total body; and significantly reduces fracture risk but can also increase the risk of breast cancer.

What is the most common cause of rickets?

Bone mass peaks in the _______________ decade of life and slowly decreases thereafter.