Exam 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The solute concentration in the urine is determined by measuring its _______________.

The major cation in intracellular fluid is _______________.

How much of the body's magnesium is located in the bone?

Positively charged ions are referred to as:

How much sodium does 1 tsp of table salt contain?

The maintenance of acid-base balance involves the regulation of _______________ and _______________.

In the ECF, the major cation is magnesium, and the major anions are chloride and calcium.

Decreasing hydrostatic pressure stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulation of fluids and electrolytes.

Explain the role of arginine vasopressin in fluid balance.

Mr. M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5, requiring dialysis. His initial chemistry panel indicates he has low chloride, sodium, and calcium levels as well as high potassium and phosphorus levels. The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction. -One of the reasons for his high phosphorus could be:

Describe the "third spaces".

Increasing amounts of angiotensin II stimulate release of the hormone _______________ from the adrenal cortex.

Mr. M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5, requiring dialysis. His initial chemistry panel indicates he has low chloride, sodium, and calcium levels as well as high potassium and phosphorus levels. The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction. -The physician has prescribed Mr. M a diuretic. A good measure of how he is responding to this medication would be:

What does hypokalemia mean?

Identify the major anion present in intracellular fluid.

Which of the following electrolytes is in a reciprocal relationship with serum calcium?

Mr. M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5, requiring dialysis. His initial chemistry panel indicates he has low chloride, sodium, and calcium levels as well as high potassium and phosphorus levels. The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction. -Which of the following is contributing to Mr. M's fluid imbalance?

Describe the functions of water in the body.

Osmotic pressure can be expressed as either osmolarity or _______________.

Mr. M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5, requiring dialysis. His initial chemistry panel indicates he has low chloride, sodium, and calcium levels as well as high potassium and phosphorus levels. The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction. -What is the reason that a physician might order a potassium restriction?