Question 1

Describe the treatment for hyperkalemia.

Accepted Answer

Treatment of the underlying cause is cru

Question 2

Solutes that do not disperse in fluid, such as large protein molecules, are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Solutes that do not disperse in fluid,...

Question 3

Describe the thirst mechanism.

Accepted Answer

Cellular sensors within the interstitial

Question 4

Describe insensible fluid loss.

Accepted Answer

Insensible fluid loss is fluid

Question 5

How much of the body's calcium is found in body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  12% 
C)  9% 
D)  5% 
E)  1% 
A)  20% 
B)  12% 
C)  9% 
D)  5% 
E)  1%

Question 6

Hypophosphatemia is defined as a serum phosphate level:

Accepted Answer

A)  <0.3 mg/Dl 
B)  <1.3 mg/dL 
C)  <2.3 mg/dL 
D)  <3.3 mg/dL 
E)  <4.3 mg/dL 
A)  <0.3 mg/Dl 
B)  <1.3 mg/dL 
C)  <2.3 mg/dL 
D)  <3.3 mg/dL 
E)  <4.3 mg/dL

Question 7

What is the normal range of osmolality for the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  275 to 295 mOsm/kg H2O 
B)  325 to 375 mOsm/kg H2O 
C)  380 to 420 mOsm/kg H2O 
D)  425 to 475 mOsm/kg H2O 
E)  580 to 620 mOsm/kg H2O 
A)  275 to 295 mOsm/kg H2O 
B)  325 to 375 mOsm/kg H2O 
C)  380 to 420 mOsm/kg H2O 
D)  425 to 475 mOsm/kg H2O 
E)  580 to 620 mOsm/kg H2O

Question 8

What is hypovolemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  ascites within joints 
B)  extracellular fluid deficit 
C)  intracellular fluid deficit 
D)  blood that's too acidic 
E)  blood that's too alkaline 
A)  ascites within joints 
B)  extracellular fluid deficit 
C)  intracellular fluid deficit 
D)  blood that's too acidic 
E)  blood that's too alkaline

Question 9

Hypophosphatemia can result from vitamin _______________ deficiency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypophosphatemia can result from vitamin _______________ deficiency....

Question 10

What route of fluid loss is the most variable and will accommodate changes in dietary fluid intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  feces 
B)  respiration 
C)  urine 
D)  perspiration 
E)  metabolism 
A)  feces 
B)  respiration 
C)  urine 
D)  perspiration 
E)  metabolism

Question 11

Which hormone is responsible for the increased excretion of potassium ions by kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 
B)  calcitonin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  pepsin 
E)  renin 
A)  1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 
B)  calcitonin 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  pepsin 
E)  renin

Question 12

Natural licorice and chewing tobacco, if swallowed, contain an _______________ compound that will also stimulate increases in urinary _______________ excretion.

Accepted Answer

aldosteron

Question 13

Identify the hormone that is released from the kidney and stimulates the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Accepted Answer

A)  arginine vasopressin 
B)  antidiuretic hormone 
C)  renin 
D)  pepsin 
E)  aldosterone 
A)  arginine vasopressin 
B)  antidiuretic hormone 
C)  renin 
D)  pepsin 
E)  aldosterone

Question 14

Fluids that have an osmolality equal to blood are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fluids that have an osmolality equal to...

Question 15

What color of urine reflects dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A)  clear and colorless 
B)  light yellow 
C)  red 
D)  dark amber 
E)  green 
A)  clear and colorless 
B)  light yellow 
C)  red 
D)  dark amber 
E)  green

Question 16

Elevated concentrations of potassium in the ECF can occur when hemolysis of red blood cells increases during leukocytosis or thrombocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The force that pulls water across membranes is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  edema force 
B)  diffusion force 
C)  electrolyte force 
D)  osmotic pressure 
E)  gradient pressure 
A)  edema force 
B)  diffusion force 
C)  electrolyte force 
D)  osmotic pressure 
E)  gradient pressure

Question 18

What is the most common cause of hypervolemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in urinary output 
B)  diarrhea 
C)  chronic vomiting 
D)  water intoxication 
E)  low-salt diet 
A)  decrease in urinary output 
B)  diarrhea 
C)  chronic vomiting 
D)  water intoxication 
E)  low-salt diet

Question 19

Extracellular fluid is divided into three compartments: interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular (or transitional).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Malignant tumors that metastasize to the bone can lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypocalcemia 
B)  hyperkalemia 
C)  hypercalcemia 
D)  hypernatremia 
E)  hypokalemia 
A)  hypocalcemia 
B)  hyperkalemia 
C)  hypercalcemia 
D)  hypernatremia 
E)  hypokalemia

Exam 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Describe the treatment for hyperkalemia.

Solutes that do not disperse in fluid, such as large protein molecules, are called _______________.

Describe the thirst mechanism.

Describe insensible fluid loss.

How much of the body's calcium is found in body fluids?

Hypophosphatemia is defined as a serum phosphate level:

What is the normal range of osmolality for the blood?

What is hypovolemia?

Hypophosphatemia can result from vitamin _______________ deficiency.

What route of fluid loss is the most variable and will accommodate changes in dietary fluid intake?

Which hormone is responsible for the increased excretion of potassium ions by kidneys?

Natural licorice and chewing tobacco, if swallowed, contain an _______________ compound that will also stimulate increases in urinary _______________ excretion.

Identify the hormone that is released from the kidney and stimulates the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Fluids that have an osmolality equal to blood are called _______________.

What color of urine reflects dehydration?

Elevated concentrations of potassium in the ECF can occur when hemolysis of red blood cells increases during leukocytosis or thrombocytosis.

The force that pulls water across membranes is referred to as:

What is the most common cause of hypervolemia?

Extracellular fluid is divided into three compartments: interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular (or transitional).

Malignant tumors that metastasize to the bone can lead to:

Role of the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in the Health Care System

Overview the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition Informatics and Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Acid Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

Filters

Natural licorice and chewing tobacco, if swallowed, contain an _ compound that will also stimulate increases in urinary _ excretion.