Exam 8: Acid Base Balance

The _______________ removes gastric secretions in order to prevent vomiting or aspiration.

_______________ is the actual decrease in pH within the body to

_______________ is the ion that moves in the opposite direction of HCO₃^-.

Which of the following is a ketoacid that is produced during the metabolism in the body?

What does the anion gap measure?

Diabetic ketoacidosis results in metabolic acidosis due to both increased production of and the inability to metabolize:

An example of alkalosis without fluid imbalance would include primary or secondary _______________.

Identify the amino acid that is converted to ammonia in the renal tubular cells of the kidney.

Explain the pH scale.

In human physiology, which two groups of acids are most important?

breathing difficulties. He is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis, hypertension, gout, and coronary artery disease.

 

Height: 5'9"   Weight: 220 pounds

 

LABS:                                 Normal Values                            Arterial BGs:                          Normal values

Na = 133 mEq/L                   (135–147) mEq/L                         pH = 7.9                              (7.35–7.45)

Cl = 103 mEq/L                    (95–107) mEq/L                           pCO2 = 30 mmHg                (35–45) mmHg

K = 4.1 mEq/L                      (3.5–5.2) mEq/L                           pO2 = 96 mmHg                   (70–100) mmHg

Glucose = 207 mmol/L         (up to 140) mmol/L                      HCO3 = 26 mEq/L               (19–25) mEq/L

BUN = 25 mmol/L                (7–20) mmol/L

Creatinine = 1.5 mmol/L       (0.5–1.4) mmol/L

Albumin 3.2 mmol/L             (3.2–5) mmol/L

Cholesterol = 320 mmol/L     (< 200) mmol/L

 

Mr. X is likely to have -Mr. X is a 56-year-old male admitted to a hospital for shortness of breath and which acid–base disorder?

Pickwickian syndrome is characterized by:

Discuss the effect of acid and base shifts on electrolyte balance.

The _______________ role in controlling both H⁺and HCO₃^-is a critical component for the maintenance of pH homeostasis.

Describe the clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis.

breathing difficulties. He is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis, hypertension, gout, and coronary artery disease.

 

Height: 5'9"   Weight: 220 pounds

 

LABS:                                 Normal Values                            Arterial BGs:                          Normal values

Na = 133 mEq/L                   (135–147) mEq/L                         pH = 7.9                              (7.35–7.45)

Cl = 103 mEq/L                    (95–107) mEq/L                           pCO2 = 30 mmHg                (35–45) mmHg

K = 4.1 mEq/L                      (3.5–5.2) mEq/L                           pO2 = 96 mmHg                   (70–100) mmHg

Glucose = 207 mmol/L         (up to 140) mmol/L                      HCO3 = 26 mEq/L               (19–25) mEq/L

BUN = 25 mmol/L                (7–20) mmol/L

Creatinine = 1.5 mmol/L       (0.5–1.4) mmol/L

Albumin 3.2 mmol/L             (3.2–5) mmol/L

Cholesterol = 320 mmol/L     (< 200) mmol/L

 

-Mr. X is a 56-year-old male admitted to a hospital for shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. He is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis, hypertension, gout, and coronary artery disease. Height: 5'9"   Weight: 220 pounds What treatment would be the most effective for his acid-base disorder?

The _______________ represents the difference between unmeasured anions and cations.

When assessing acid-base balance, the _______________ response is determined first but an investigation of the _______________ response or compensation as well allows for a complete assessment.

Buffers are present in all body fluids-both extracellular and intracellular.

Prolonged vomiting is likely to lead to what type of acid-base imbalance?