Exam 11: Pharmacology

The most important chemical properties of medications related to drug absorption include the solubility of the drug in lipid or water and the ionization of the medication.

Some drug effects are _______________ of cellular receptors and are called nonspecific cellular responses.

What kind of drugs are quickly absorbed across cell membranes?

Mrs. Z is a 76-year-old female who consults an internal medicine physician because she has been depressed. She also gets chronic migraines. The physician takes a full history from Mrs. Z, which reveals that several medications have been prescribed to her by a variety of specialists. It seems that each specialist neglected to pay attention to the medications that Mrs. Z was prescribed by her other doctors and the potential drug-nutrient interactions. She also takes some daily health supplements. The physician's notes are as follows: Current Medication/Supplements       Reason for Prescribing/Taking St) John's wort ...............................     she read in a magazine that this helps with depression Slow Fe (iron supplement) ............     for prior anemia Warfarin .........................................    history of embolic stroke Omeprazole ...................................     history of peptic ulcer TUMS ............................................     chronic upset stomach Amoxicillin ...................................      recent respiratory infection Doxazosin .....................................      incontinence Allegra ..........................................      seasonal allergies Lipitor ...........................................      high cholesterol Vitamin E ......................................     she heard it was good for heart disease Typical Daily Diet Breakfast: eggs, bacon, ½ grapefruit, fresh orange juice Lunch: hotdogs, sausages, or pepperoni sub, sliced tomatoes, cold tea Dinner: cooked spinach, chicken breast, mashed potatoes, hot tea -Considering Mrs. Z is taking Allegra and Lipitor, which element of her diet is a concern for a negative drug-nutrient interaction?

What has to happen to the medication before absorption is successful?

When MAO is blocked by MAO inhibitors, which amine is affected (levels rise)?

Aspirin is a good example of a medication that is absorbed in the _______________ but can also damage the gastric mucosa.

Calcium supplements are absorbed best in an _______________ environment.

Which immunosuppressant medications have been associated with large amounts of magnesium loss in urine?

One of the most common mechanisms for alteration of drug metabolism is concurrent use of _______________.

Circulation within the liver decreases by approximately 65% by age 65 years with concurrent decreases in liver mass.

Discuss drug-nutrient interactions in the elderly.

_______________ are substances added to formulations of medications that affect dissolution.

Explain what DASH stands for and what it is used for.

Black _______________ may alter the response of cells to chemotherapy in patients under treatment for breast cancer.

Identify the medication that acts as an H₂blocker.

In the United States, what proportion of physician visits include a written prescription?

Which of the following vitamins is an antagonist of the drug warfarin (Coumadin)?

Describe what excipients are. List some examples and what they do.

Medications that affect gastric emptying time include _______________ such as metoclopramide.