Exam 11: Pharmacology

Medications placed directly into the spinal canal are called _______________ or intrathecal.

Binders, lubricants, and coating agents _______________ dissolution, whereas disintegrants _______________ dissolution.

Complementary health approaches include use of nonvitamins and nonmineral dietary supplements natural products such as herbs and botanicals.

Suppository medications can be administered via the _______________ or the vagina.

Give an example of a negative drug-nutrient interaction involving MAOIs.

Which fruit significantly impacts the actions of drugs such as statins and cyclosporines?

Describe the different routes the body uses to excrete drugs. Give an example of a consequence of a specific route of excretion.

The binding of a nutrient or food component with a drug (making it unabsorbable) is called:

Which drug increases the urinary excretion of riboflavin and folacin?

What is parenteral administration and list the possible routes for parenteral administration of drugs.

Give an example of the effect of drugs on nutrient metabolism.

What occurs immediately after a drug is absorbed by the body?

Mrs. Z is a 76-year-old female who consults an internal medicine physician because she has been depressed. She also gets chronic migraines. The physician takes a full history from Mrs. Z, which reveals that several medications have been prescribed to her by a variety of specialists. It seems that each specialist neglected to pay attention to the medications that Mrs. Z was prescribed by her other doctors and the potential drug-nutrient interactions. She also takes some daily health supplements. The physician's notes are as follows: Current Medication/Supplements       Reason for Prescribing/Taking St) John's wort ...............................     she read in a magazine that this helps with depression Slow Fe (iron supplement) ............     for prior anemia Warfarin .........................................    history of embolic stroke Omeprazole ...................................     history of peptic ulcer TUMS ............................................     chronic upset stomach Amoxicillin ...................................      recent respiratory infection Doxazosin .....................................      incontinence Allegra ..........................................      seasonal allergies Lipitor ...........................................      high cholesterol Vitamin E ......................................     she heard it was good for heart disease Typical Daily Diet Breakfast: eggs, bacon, ½ grapefruit, fresh orange juice Lunch: hotdogs, sausages, or pepperoni sub, sliced tomatoes, cold tea Dinner: cooked spinach, chicken breast, mashed potatoes, hot tea -What current med or supplement is Mrs. Z taking that likely results in diminished clinical effectiveness or increased dosage requirements for her other medications?

Amitriptyline, a common antidepressant, may cause a decrease in _______________ production.

Discuss the role of nutrition therapy in pharmacotherapy and provide an example of a drug-nutrient interaction.

What is a type of medication that is used to treat hyperlipidemia?

_______________ are medications that specifically interrupt the production of acid in the stomach.

Omeprazole is a type of proton pump inhibitor used to treat GERD and peptic ulcer disease.

The pH at the absorption site can alter ionization of the drug, which may change the speed and effectiveness of absorption.

St. John's wort, an herbal supplement, impacts the metabolism of drugs because it significantly induces the activity of: