Exam 11: Pharmacology

Which of the following refers to the placement of a drug in the cheek?

Sublingual administration requires an injection into the body under the skin.

What is the effect of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors?

Which are the two main biomarkers used to assess kidney function?

Which class of medications results in decreased absorption of calcium from the GI tract as well as increased urinary loss of calcium, leading to a high risk of bone fracture and osteoporosis?

Which parts of the body have the largest surface areas for drug absorption?

Which of the following medications is affected by changes in kidney function?

Which of the following drugs increases the excretion of albumin?

_______________ is defined as the use of drugs for treatment of disease and health maintenance.

When an individual takes nitroglycerin for angina, it is usually administered via the sublingual route.

Which criteria are used to identify the medications most likely to result in adverse effects?

Adverse drug effects happen more often within what age group?

An example of a tubular reabsorption deficit involves the use of immunosuppressant medications called _______________.

Mrs. Z is a 76-year-old female who consults an internal medicine physician because she has been depressed. She also gets chronic migraines. The physician takes a full history from Mrs. Z, which reveals that several medications have been prescribed to her by a variety of specialists. It seems that each specialist neglected to pay attention to the medications that Mrs. Z was prescribed by her other doctors and the potential drug-nutrient interactions. She also takes some daily health supplements. The physician's notes are as follows: Current Medication/Supplements       Reason for Prescribing/Taking St) John's wort ...............................     she read in a magazine that this helps with depression Slow Fe (iron supplement) ............     for prior anemia Warfarin .........................................    history of embolic stroke Omeprazole ...................................     history of peptic ulcer TUMS ............................................     chronic upset stomach Amoxicillin ...................................      recent respiratory infection Doxazosin .....................................      incontinence Allegra ..........................................      seasonal allergies Lipitor ...........................................      high cholesterol Vitamin E ......................................     she heard it was good for heart disease Typical Daily Diet Breakfast: eggs, bacon, ½ grapefruit, fresh orange juice Lunch: hotdogs, sausages, or pepperoni sub, sliced tomatoes, cold tea Dinner: cooked spinach, chicken breast, mashed potatoes, hot tea -Considering Mrs. Z is taking warfarin, which element in her diet is a concern for a negative drug-nutrient interaction?

What is the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion called?

What are the three main biomarkers used to assess liver function?

What is the name of the cardiac glycoside that is prescribed to alter the contractions of the heart?

Most drug biotransformation in the liver is accomplished by an enzyme called:

What is a common side effect of the drug Prozac?

Which vitamin-B supplement interferes with the metabolism of blood glucose?