Exam 11: Pharmacology

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an intricate enzyme system distributed predominantly in nervous tissue, the heart, and the small intestine.

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of seizures?

Which type of excipients are added to medications to increase dissolution?

The older adult population represents a group of individuals with an exceptionally low risk for drug-nutrient interactions.

When doing a nutrient assessment of drug-nutrient interactions, which primary organs are assessed?

Chromium picolinate is a supplement taken to improve _______________ sensitivity.

Which method of administering drugs requires an injection?

There is no official definition for the term "megavitamin therapy," but it usually encompasses amounts of over 10 times the RDA.

Most drugs of low molecular weight are filtered out of the blood in the _______________ unless they are bound to large molecules such as proteins or to erythrocytes.

Mrs. Z is a 76-year-old female who consults an internal medicine physician because she has been depressed. She also gets chronic migraines. The physician takes a full history from Mrs. Z, which reveals that several medications have been prescribed to her by a variety of specialists. It seems that each specialist neglected to pay attention to the medications that Mrs. Z was prescribed by her other doctors and the potential drug-nutrient interactions. She also takes some daily health supplements. The physician's notes are as follows: Current Medication/Supplements       Reason for Prescribing/Taking St) John's wort ...............................     she read in a magazine that this helps with depression Slow Fe (iron supplement) ............     for prior anemia Warfarin .........................................    history of embolic stroke Omeprazole ...................................     history of peptic ulcer TUMS ............................................     chronic upset stomach Amoxicillin ...................................      recent respiratory infection Doxazosin .....................................      incontinence Allegra ..........................................      seasonal allergies Lipitor ...........................................      high cholesterol Vitamin E ......................................     she heard it was good for heart disease Typical Daily Diet Breakfast: eggs, bacon, ½ grapefruit, fresh orange juice Lunch: hotdogs, sausages, or pepperoni sub, sliced tomatoes, cold tea Dinner: cooked spinach, chicken breast, mashed potatoes, hot tea -With no fever, shortness of breath or rales, which medication should likely be discontinued for Mrs. Z?

Excess _______________ intake results in excess lithium excretion.

A classic example of a food-medication interaction resulting in harmful side effects is the interaction between pressor agents in foods and _______________.

Describe monoamine oxidase and list some of its functions.

Describe factors that affect drug dissolution.

NSAIDs increase the excretion of:

Many medications are bound to a protein carrier called _______________.

A(n) _______________ works to stimulate synthesis of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, increasing action potential.

Which route of drug administration is absorbed at a slower rate?

What kind of meal increases gastric emptying time (i.e., slow emptying rate) the most?

Mrs. Z is a 76-year-old female who consults an internal medicine physician because she has been depressed. She also gets chronic migraines. The physician takes a full history from Mrs. Z, which reveals that several medications have been prescribed to her by a variety of specialists. It seems that each specialist neglected to pay attention to the medications that Mrs. Z was prescribed by her other doctors and the potential drug-nutrient interactions. She also takes some daily health supplements. The physician's notes are as follows: Current Medication/Supplements       Reason for Prescribing/Taking St) John's wort ...............................     she read in a magazine that this helps with depression Slow Fe (iron supplement) ............     for prior anemia Warfarin .........................................    history of embolic stroke Omeprazole ...................................     history of peptic ulcer TUMS ............................................     chronic upset stomach Amoxicillin ...................................      recent respiratory infection Doxazosin .....................................      incontinence Allegra ..........................................      seasonal allergies Lipitor ...........................................      high cholesterol Vitamin E ......................................     she heard it was good for heart disease Typical Daily Diet Breakfast: eggs, bacon, ½ grapefruit, fresh orange juice Lunch: hotdogs, sausages, or pepperoni sub, sliced tomatoes, cold tea Dinner: cooked spinach, chicken breast, mashed potatoes, hot tea -Because of the connection between increased levels of tyramine and migraine headaches, what dietary changes should Mrs. Z make?