Exam 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

How much fluid should an average adult consume each day under normal circumstances?

What is the term for abnormal fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity (often due to liver disease)?

What percentage of body fluid is in plasma?

At birth, total body water accounts for approximately 75% of the infant's weight.

Identify the major cation present in extracellular fluid.

Vasopressin stimulates the resorption of the fluids in the tubules of the _______________, which increases blood volume and lowers blood osmolality.

Which high-risk condition of pregnancy is treated using magnesium?

Vitamin D increases the absorption of _______________ in the small intestine.

Describe the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia.

Mr. M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5, requiring dialysis. His initial chemistry panel indicates he has low chloride, sodium, and calcium levels as well as high potassium and phosphorus levels. The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction. -The type of fluid involved in Mr. M's imbalance is:

What kind of tissue has the lowest percentage of water in the body?

Osmotic pressure can be expressed as either osmolarity or hydraulic force.

Baroreceptors within blood vessels are stimulated by:

The most common cause of hypovolemia is a decrease in urinary output such as that seen in acute liver failure.

How much of the body's water is found within cells (intracellular fluid)?

When blood volume increases, _______________ also increases.

Hypocalcemia most commonly results from a deficit of _______________ or from abnormal vitamin _______________ metabolism.

Which hormone stimulates the activation of vitamin D?

Hypomagnesemia occurs during withdrawal from _______________.

Maintenance of fluid balance is significantly integrated with maintenance of _______________ balance.