Question 1

Which of the following primarily occurs when a human body is infected by HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction in CD4 cell counts 
B)  increase in serum bilirubin 
C)  increase in monocyte counts 
D)  reduction in RBC counts 
E)  increase in serum glucose 
A)  reduction in CD4 cell counts 
B)  increase in serum bilirubin 
C)  increase in monocyte counts 
D)  reduction in RBC counts 
E)  increase in serum glucose

Question 2

Metabolic stress is the hypermetabolic, catabolic response to acute injury or disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

BM is a 35-year-old firefighter who has sustained major burns and smoke inhalation. He is taken to the burn unit, and a consult with the registered dietitian has been ordered.
HT: 6'1"          WT: 180 pounds (81.6  kg)  
-What would be the best way to feed him while he is in the hospital and cannot eat on his own?

Accepted Answer

A)  Keep him NPO (nothing-by-mouth) indefinitely. 
B)  parenteral nutrition 
C)  gastric feeding tube 
D)  enteral feeding to the large bowel 
E)  enteral feeding to the small bowel 
A)  Keep him NPO (nothing-by-mouth) indefinitely. 
B)  parenteral nutrition 
C)  gastric feeding tube 
D)  enteral feeding to the large bowel 
E)  enteral feeding to the small bowel

Question 4

Describe the metabolic consequences of injury and stress.

Accepted Answer

The metabolic consequences of injury and

Question 5

Parenteral nutrition should be reserved for those cases of prolonged nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status lasting how long?

Accepted Answer

A)  7 days 
B)  10 days 
C)  14 days 
D)  21 days 
E)  28 days 
A)  7 days 
B)  10 days 
C)  14 days 
D)  21 days 
E)  28 days

Question 6

Increased levels of glucagon serve to increase glucose production from amino acids-a process called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increased levels of glucagon serve to increase...

Question 7

Weaning from nutritional support is recommended when the patient is able to meet at least 25% of nutritional needs orally.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the metabolic pathway through which glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  glucogenesis 
C)  glycogenesis 
D)  glycogenolysis 
E)  gluconeogenesis 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  glucogenesis 
C)  glycogenesis 
D)  glycogenolysis 
E)  gluconeogenesis

Question 9

BM is a 35-year-old firefighter who has sustained major burns and smoke inhalation. He is taken to the burn unit, and a consult with the registered dietitian has been ordered.
HT: 6'1"          WT: 180 pounds (81.6  kg)  
-What is the best way to estimate his caloric needs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Harris-Benedict equation 
B)  Curreri equation 
C)  Fick equation 
D)  indirect calorimetry 
E)  ESPEN guidelines 
A)  Harris-Benedict equation 
B)  Curreri equation 
C)  Fick equation 
D)  indirect calorimetry 
E)  ESPEN guidelines

Question 10

Describe the clinical manifestations of the physiological response to stress.

Accepted Answer

The stress response has been described a

Question 11

Which amino acid is the primary substrate required for gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysine 
B)  arginine 
C)  alanine 
D)  glutamine 
E)  cysteine 
A)  lysine 
B)  arginine 
C)  alanine 
D)  glutamine 
E)  cysteine

Question 12

Which of the following is used in copper transport?

Accepted Answer

A)  ceruloplasmin 
B)  serum amyloid A 
C)  VLDL 
D)  C-reactive protein 
E)  fibronectin 
A)  ceruloplasmin 
B)  serum amyloid A 
C)  VLDL 
D)  C-reactive protein 
E)  fibronectin

Question 13

Which mineral supplementation does ASPEN recommend for a critically ill patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  iron 
B)  selenium 
C)  boron 
D)  calcium 
E)  magnesium 
A)  iron 
B)  selenium 
C)  boron 
D)  calcium 
E)  magnesium

Question 14

Inflammation results in vascular _______________, which is caused by high levels of nitric oxide.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inflammation results in vascular _______________, which is...

Question 15

Enteral nutrition formulas for burn patients should be high in which nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)  saturated fat and sucrose 
B)  monounsaturated fat and glucose 
C)  essential amino acids and simple carbohydrates 
D)  protein and omega-6 fatty acids 
E)  protein and omega-3 fatty acids 
A)  saturated fat and sucrose 
B)  monounsaturated fat and glucose 
C)  essential amino acids and simple carbohydrates 
D)  protein and omega-6 fatty acids 
E)  protein and omega-3 fatty acids

Question 16

One of the most important distinctions between starvation and metabolic stress is the difference in _______________ and fuel substrate requirements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the most important distinctions between...

Question 17

Many general surgical procedures do not pose a nutritional risk.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

How many genes are present in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Accepted Answer

A)  12 
B)  16 
C)  9 
D)  6 
E)  3 
A)  12 
B)  16 
C)  9 
D)  6 
E)  3

Question 19

Sepsis is actually a(n) _______________ process that prevents an adequate response to infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sepsis is actually a(n) _______________ process that...

Question 20

When providing nutrition support to the critically ill, it is crucial to avoid _______________ and its subsequent metabolic complications, which include increased _______________ production and hyperglycemia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When providing nutrition support to the critically...

Exam 22: Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Which of the following primarily occurs when a human body is infected by HIV?

Metabolic stress is the hypermetabolic, catabolic response to acute injury or disease.

Describe the metabolic consequences of injury and stress.

Parenteral nutrition should be reserved for those cases of prolonged nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status lasting how long?

Increased levels of glucagon serve to increase glucose production from amino acids-a process called _______________.

Weaning from nutritional support is recommended when the patient is able to meet at least 25% of nutritional needs orally.

What is the metabolic pathway through which glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate sources?

BM is a 35-year-old firefighter who has sustained major burns and smoke inhalation. He is taken to the burn unit, and a consult with the registered dietitian has been ordered. HT: 6'1" WT: 180 pounds (81.6 kg) -What is the best way to estimate his caloric needs?

Describe the clinical manifestations of the physiological response to stress.

Which amino acid is the primary substrate required for gluconeogenesis?

Which of the following is used in copper transport?

Which mineral supplementation does ASPEN recommend for a critically ill patient?

Inflammation results in vascular _______________, which is caused by high levels of nitric oxide.

Enteral nutrition formulas for burn patients should be high in which nutrients?

One of the most important distinctions between starvation and metabolic stress is the difference in _______________ and fuel substrate requirements.

Many general surgical procedures do not pose a nutritional risk.

How many genes are present in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Sepsis is actually a(n) _______________ process that prevents an adequate response to infection.

When providing nutrition support to the critically ill, it is crucial to avoid _______________ and its subsequent metabolic complications, which include increased _______________ production and hyperglycemia.

Role of the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in the Health Care System

Overview the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition Informatics and Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Neoplastic Disease

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

Filters

When providing nutrition support to the critically ill, it is crucial to avoid _ and its subsequent metabolic complications, which include increased _ production and hyperglycemia.