Exam 22: Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

How long, on average, does it take for a healthy patient to progress to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

Which factor is not correlated with the severity of electrical burns?

Which cells in the blood are markedly increased during sepsis?

Energy requirements are _______________ during metabolic stress and injury.

Which amino acid supplement is strongly recommended for burn, trauma, and ICU patients?

Negative _______________ balance is a consistent marker of metabolic stress.

Describe the effects general anesthesia can have on the GI tract and how this affects postoperative feeding recommendations.

BM is a 35-year-old firefighter who has sustained major burns and smoke inhalation. He is taken to the burn unit, and a consult with the registered dietitian has been ordered. HT: 6'1"          WT: 180 pounds (81.6  kg)   -Approximately how many grams of protein does BM require while he is in the hospital?

Release of either glucagon or cortisol can result in _______________ during the stress response.

Which amino acid is a precursor for nitric oxide?

The increased rate of gluconeogenesis during the stress response creates reliance on protein as a source of _______________.

What is the most common source of burn wounds?

Depending on the burn size and severity, how long can the hypermetabolic stress last in burn patients?

Which enteral formula has the highest percentage of lipids?

It was not until the hallmark studies of Dr. Ancel Keys that the manner in which the body responds to starvation through physiological adaptations was understood.

Combination _______________ testing for both antigen and antibodies allows for earlier diagnosis of HIV infection.

List the four types of external forces that can cause burns.

Which mineral supplements are most important for burn victims?

Which of the following is released in response to inflammation?

The depth of the wound and the percentage of the body surface area (BSA) that is affected are used to classify burn injury.