Question 1

Figure 46-3 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 will diffuse from the alveoli into the capillaries. 
B)  CO2 will diffuse from the capillaries into the tissues. 
C)  O2 will diffuse from the capillaries in the tissues to the capillaries in the lung. 
D)  O2 will diffuse from the alveoli into the capillaries. 
E)  O2 will diffuse from the tissues into the capillaries. 
A)  CO2 will diffuse from the alveoli into the capillaries. 
B)  CO2 will diffuse from the capillaries into the tissues. 
C)  O2 will diffuse from the capillaries in the tissues to the capillaries in the lung. 
D)  O2 will diffuse from the alveoli into the capillaries. 
E)  O2 will diffuse from the tissues into the capillaries.

Question 2

Sponges, hydras, flatworms, and many other small, aquatic organisms exchange gases entirely by which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion 
B)  Organismic respiration 
C)  Aerobic cellular respiration 
D)  Catabolism 
E)  Anabolism 
A)  Diffusion 
B)  Organismic respiration 
C)  Aerobic cellular respiration 
D)  Catabolism 
E)  Anabolism

Question 3

An increase in the pH of the plasma causes hemoglobin to unload its oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The smallest branches of the respiratory tree are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  pharynx. 
B)  tracheae. 
C)  bronchial tubes. 
D)  bronchioles. 
E)  bronchi. 
A)  pharynx. 
B)  tracheae. 
C)  bronchial tubes. 
D)  bronchioles. 
E)  bronchi.

Question 5

Which of the following is typically used to measure the functional capacity of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vital capacity 
B)  Tidal volume 
C)  Tidal capacity 
D)  Residual capacity 
E)  Residual volume 
A)  Vital capacity 
B)  Tidal volume 
C)  Tidal capacity 
D)  Residual capacity 
E)  Residual volume

Question 6

Match between columns
                        Premises: Inhaled air passes from this structure into the surrounding capillaries.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Bronchiole and Pharynx and Trachea and Alveoli is...

Question 7

The film of fluid in the pleural cavity functions to:

Accepted Answer

A)  nourish the lungs. 
B)  rehydrate the lungs. 
C)  provide lubrication between the lungs and thoracic wall. 
D)  trap bacteria that may enter the lungs. 
E)  inflate the lungs. 
A)  nourish the lungs. 
B)  rehydrate the lungs. 
C)  provide lubrication between the lungs and thoracic wall. 
D)  trap bacteria that may enter the lungs. 
E)  inflate the lungs.

Question 8

Match between columns
                        Premises: Another name for this is the throat region.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Pharynx and Trachea and Bronchiole and Larynx is...

Question 9

Carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells:

Accepted Answer

A)  removes oxygen from the erythrocyte. 
B)  carries carbon dioxide in the erythrocyte. 
C)  converts carbon dioxide to carbonic acid. 
D)  increases the pH of the blood. 
E)  increases the permeability of the capillary to carbon dioxide. 
A)  removes oxygen from the erythrocyte. 
B)  carries carbon dioxide in the erythrocyte. 
C)  converts carbon dioxide to carbonic acid. 
D)  increases the pH of the blood. 
E)  increases the permeability of the capillary to carbon dioxide.

Question 10

The maximum amount of air a person can exhale is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  vital capacity. 
B)  tidal volume. 
C)  tidal capacity 
D)  residual capacity. 
E)  residual volume 
A)  vital capacity. 
B)  tidal volume. 
C)  tidal capacity 
D)  residual capacity. 
E)  residual volume

Question 11

What happens at higher altitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentration of oxygen decreases. 
B)  The concentration of carbon dioxide increases. 
C)  The partial pressure of oxygen decreases. 
D)  The partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases. 
E)  There is no change in the concentration or partial pressures of atmospheric gases. 
A)  The concentration of oxygen decreases. 
B)  The concentration of carbon dioxide increases. 
C)  The partial pressure of oxygen decreases. 
D)  The partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases. 
E)  There is no change in the concentration or partial pressures of atmospheric gases.

Question 12

Figure 46-2 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of these lungs would have the greatest surface area?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  All have equal surface area. 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  All have equal surface area.

Question 13

Which of the following is a disadvantage of gas exchange in air, as opposed to gas exchange in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air is denser than water 
B)  Threat of desiccation 
C)  High metabolic cost of acquiring oxygen 
D)  Lack of diffusion 
E)  Kinetic limitations 
A)  Air is denser than water 
B)  Threat of desiccation 
C)  High metabolic cost of acquiring oxygen 
D)  Lack of diffusion 
E)  Kinetic limitations

Question 14

Parabronchi are characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

A)  insects. 
B)  spiders. 
C)  mollusks. 
D)  birds. 
E)  mammals. 
A)  insects. 
B)  spiders. 
C)  mollusks. 
D)  birds. 
E)  mammals.

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: Averages 4500 mL

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Residual volume and Tidal volume and Vital is...

Question 16

In birds, the parabronchi capillaries are oriented at right angles to the parabronchi. Which of the following is the gas exchange method that describes this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crosscurrent 
B)  Countercurrent 
C)  Concurrent 
D)  Diffusion 
E)  Equilibrium 
A)  Crosscurrent 
B)  Countercurrent 
C)  Concurrent 
D)  Diffusion 
E)  Equilibrium

Question 17

Vocal cords are located in the larynx.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Dalton's Law states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of a gas that diffuses across a membrane depends on the differences in the gas's partial pressure. 
B)  the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen depends on the partial pressure of oxygen. 
C)  in a mixture of gases, the total pressure of the mixture is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases. 
D)  pH causes a displacement of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. 
E)  as the concentration of chloride ions increases, the ability of hemoglobin to bind carbon dioxide decreases. 
A)  the amount of a gas that diffuses across a membrane depends on the differences in the gas's partial pressure. 
B)  the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen depends on the partial pressure of oxygen. 
C)  in a mixture of gases, the total pressure of the mixture is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases. 
D)  pH causes a displacement of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. 
E)  as the concentration of chloride ions increases, the ability of hemoglobin to bind carbon dioxide decreases.

Question 19

The ability of oxygen to combine with and detach from hemoglobin is influenced by which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Percent oxygen saturation 
B)  Humidity 
C)  Oxygen concentration 
D)  Tidal volume 
E)  Partial pressure 
A)  Percent oxygen saturation 
B)  Humidity 
C)  Oxygen concentration 
D)  Tidal volume 
E)  Partial pressure

Question 20

Which of the following occurs during forced expiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  The alveoli inflate. 
B)  The ribs move upward. 
C)  The internal intercostal muscles contract. 
D)  The floor of the thoracic cavity moves downward. 
E)  The pressure increases in the thoracic cavity. 
A)  The alveoli inflate. 
B)  The ribs move upward. 
C)  The internal intercostal muscles contract. 
D)  The floor of the thoracic cavity moves downward. 
E)  The pressure increases in the thoracic cavity.

Exam 46: Gas Exchange

Figure 46-3 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement is accurate?

Sponges, hydras, flatworms, and many other small, aquatic organisms exchange gases entirely by which of the following processes?

An increase in the pH of the plasma causes hemoglobin to unload its oxygen.

The smallest branches of the respiratory tree are the:

Which of the following is typically used to measure the functional capacity of the lungs?

The film of fluid in the pleural cavity functions to:

Carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells:

The maximum amount of air a person can exhale is called:

What happens at higher altitudes?

Figure 46-2 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of these lungs would have the greatest surface area?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of gas exchange in air, as opposed to gas exchange in water?

Parabronchi are characteristic of:

In birds, the parabronchi capillaries are oriented at right angles to the parabronchi. Which of the following is the gas exchange method that describes this process?

Vocal cords are located in the larynx.

Dalton's Law states that:

The ability of oxygen to combine with and detach from hemoglobin is influenced by which of the following factors?

Which of the following occurs during forced expiration?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 46-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement is accurate?

Figure 46-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of these lungs would have the greatest surface area?