Question 1

The exoskeleton of arthropods is composed of chitin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The condition that is characterized by loss of bone mineral is called

Accepted Answer

A)  osteitis. 
B)  osteoporosis. 
C)  osteopenia. 
D)  osteoarthritis. 
E)  osteon disease. 
A)  osteitis. 
B)  osteoporosis. 
C)  osteopenia. 
D)  osteoarthritis. 
E)  osteon disease. B

Question 3

A smooth, sustained contraction of skeletal muscle is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  simple twitch. 
B)  tetanus. 
C)  pulse contraction. 
D)  red fiber contraction. 
E)  white fiber contraction. 
A)  simple twitch. 
B)  tetanus. 
C)  pulse contraction. 
D)  red fiber contraction. 
E)  white fiber contraction. B

Question 4

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the stratum corneum.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the sarcolemma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones and limit movement at the joint are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  tendons 
B)  ligaments 
C)  sutures 
D)  osteobands 
E)  cartilage 
A)  tendons 
B)  ligaments 
C)  sutures 
D)  osteobands 
E)  cartilage

Question 7

The immediate source of energy for muscle contraction is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  Creatine phosphate 
C)  Glycogen 
D)  Lactic acid 
E)  Carbon monoxide 
A)  ATP 
B)  Creatine phosphate 
C)  Glycogen 
D)  Lactic acid 
E)  Carbon monoxide

Question 8

Briefly describe the sequence of events that take place in muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Motor neuron relea

Question 9

Generally, movements are accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)  a single muscle exerting a pulling force only. 
B)  a single muscle exerting a pushing force only. 
C)  groups of muscles opposing the actions of one another. 
D)  groups of muscles collectively exerting pulling forces only. 
E)  groups of muscles collectively exerting pushing forces only. 
A)  a single muscle exerting a pulling force only. 
B)  a single muscle exerting a pushing force only. 
C)  groups of muscles opposing the actions of one another. 
D)  groups of muscles collectively exerting pulling forces only. 
E)  groups of muscles collectively exerting pushing forces only.

Question 10

Why are delicate movements difficult in a hydrostatic skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  Force tends to be transmitted equally in all directions throughout the entire fluid-filled body of the animal. 
B)  Force tends to be transmitted anteriorly in fluid-filled body of the animal. 
C)  Force tends to be transmitted posteriorly in fluid-filled body of the animal. 
D)  Force tends to be transmitted radially in fluid-filled body of the animal. 
E)  Force tends to be transmitted ventrally in fluid-filled body of the animal. 
A)  Force tends to be transmitted equally in all directions throughout the entire fluid-filled body of the animal. 
B)  Force tends to be transmitted anteriorly in fluid-filled body of the animal. 
C)  Force tends to be transmitted posteriorly in fluid-filled body of the animal. 
D)  Force tends to be transmitted radially in fluid-filled body of the animal. 
E)  Force tends to be transmitted ventrally in fluid-filled body of the animal.

Question 11

What is the primary cause of the symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Degeneration of osteoblasts 
B)  Degeneration of osteoclasts 
C)  Accumulation of synovial fluid 
D)  Accumulation of articular cartilage 
E)  Thickening of bone tissue 
A)  Degeneration of osteoblasts 
B)  Degeneration of osteoclasts 
C)  Accumulation of synovial fluid 
D)  Accumulation of articular cartilage 
E)  Thickening of bone tissue

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: Released from motor neuron

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Myosin and Troponin and T tubule and is...

Question 13

Helena's doctor has advised her to take calcium supplements to help prevent

Accepted Answer

A)  osteitis. 
B)  osteoporosis. 
C)  osteopenia. 
D)  osteoarthritis. 
E)  osteon disease. 
A)  osteitis. 
B)  osteoporosis. 
C)  osteopenia. 
D)  osteoarthritis. 
E)  osteon disease.

Question 14

To begin the actual contraction, calcium ions must first bind to ____ in the muscle cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  actin 
B)  myosin 
C)  troponin 
D)  sarcoplasmic reticulum 
E)  T tubules 
A)  actin 
B)  myosin 
C)  troponin 
D)  sarcoplasmic reticulum 
E)  T tubules

Question 15

A major function of keratin is to

Accepted Answer

A)  absorb UV radiation. 
B)  insulate the body. 
C)  nourish sensory receptors. 
D)  synthesize fats and waxes. 
E)  create a diffusion barrier. 
A)  absorb UV radiation. 
B)  insulate the body. 
C)  nourish sensory receptors. 
D)  synthesize fats and waxes. 
E)  create a diffusion barrier.

Question 16

Muscles act _____ to one another, which means that the movement produced by one can be reversed by another.

Accepted Answer

A)  agonistically 
B)  retroactively 
C)  proactively 
D)  antagonistically 
E)  acrimoniously 
A)  agonistically 
B)  retroactively 
C)  proactively 
D)  antagonistically 
E)  acrimoniously

Question 17

The main shaft of a long bone is known as the epiphysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Figure 40-2 ​
 
​
The type of support illustrated in the accompanying figure is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrostatic skeleton. 
B)  exoskeleton. 
C)  integumentary system. 
D)  epidermal skeleton. 
E)  endoskeleton. 
A)  hydrostatic skeleton. 
B)  exoskeleton. 
C)  integumentary system. 
D)  epidermal skeleton. 
E)  endoskeleton.

Question 19

Identify the two main divisions of the vertebrate skeleton and identify the bones that are representative of each division.

Accepted Answer

The two main divisions are the

Question 20

What is a disadvantage of the exoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  It cannot be replaced if damaged. 
B)  It must be shed to accommodate growth. 
C)  It is easily penetrated by predators. 
D)  It requires high ATP levels for continuous growth. 
E)  It does not permit movement of the organism. 
A)  It cannot be replaced if damaged. 
B)  It must be shed to accommodate growth. 
C)  It is easily penetrated by predators. 
D)  It requires high ATP levels for continuous growth. 
E)  It does not permit movement of the organism.

Exam 40: Protection, Support, and Movement

The exoskeleton of arthropods is composed of chitin.

The condition that is characterized by loss of bone mineral is called

A smooth, sustained contraction of skeletal muscle is called a

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the stratum corneum.

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the sarcolemma.

Bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones and limit movement at the joint are called ____.

The immediate source of energy for muscle contraction is ____.

Briefly describe the sequence of events that take place in muscle contraction.

Generally, movements are accomplished by

Why are delicate movements difficult in a hydrostatic skeleton?

What is the primary cause of the symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

Helena's doctor has advised her to take calcium supplements to help prevent

To begin the actual contraction, calcium ions must first bind to ____ in the muscle cell.

A major function of keratin is to

Muscles act _____ to one another, which means that the movement produced by one can be reversed by another.

The main shaft of a long bone is known as the epiphysis.

Figure 40-2 ​ ​ The type of support illustrated in the accompanying figure is a(n)

Identify the two main divisions of the vertebrate skeleton and identify the bones that are representative of each division.

What is a disadvantage of the exoskeleton?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 40-2 The type of support illustrated in the accompanying figure is a(n)