Question 1

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is more permeable to ____ than to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  water; urea 
B)  water; salt 
C)  salt; water 
D)  salt; urea 
E)  urea; salt 
A)  water; urea 
B)  water; salt 
C)  salt; water 
D)  salt; urea 
E)  urea; salt C

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: highly soluble; requires water for excretion

Accepted Answer

The Answer of urea and uric acid and ammonia is...

Question 3

The main osmoregulatory and excretory organ in most vertebrates is the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  gill. 
C)  metanephridium. 
D)  lung. 
E)  kidney. 
A)  skin. 
B)  gill. 
C)  metanephridium. 
D)  lung. 
E)  kidney. E

Question 4

Secretion occurs mainly in the

Accepted Answer

A)  distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  glomerulus. 
A)  distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  glomerulus.

Question 5

Match between columns
                        Premises: number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution

Accepted Answer

The Answer of interstitial fluid and osmole and osmoconformers and is...

Question 6

Blood flows from the efferent arterioles directly into the peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The main point of entry of water into the blood of freshwater fish is through the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  gills. 
C)  tail. 
D)  anus. 
E)  eyes. 
A)  skin. 
B)  gills. 
C)  tail. 
D)  anus. 
E)  eyes.

Question 8

The ureters connect the

Accepted Answer

A)  bladder to the body exterior. 
B)  kidney to the bladder. 
C)  bladder to the urethra. 
D)  kidney to the body exterior. 
E)  kidney to the urethra. 
A)  bladder to the body exterior. 
B)  kidney to the bladder. 
C)  bladder to the urethra. 
D)  kidney to the body exterior. 
E)  kidney to the urethra.

Question 9

Figure 48-3 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. In which regions does atrial natriuretic peptide act?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 and 10 
B)  5 and 6 
C)  2 and 66 
D)  1 and 9 
E)  9 and 10 
A)  3 and 10 
B)  5 and 6 
C)  2 and 66 
D)  1 and 9 
E)  9 and 10

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: tubules with no internal openings containing flame cells

Accepted Answer

The Answer of metanephridia and nephridia and Malpighian tubules and is...

Question 11

Compare and contrast osmoregulation of freshwater fish and marine fish.

Accepted Answer

Freshwater fishes live in a hypotonic en

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: insects and spiders

Accepted Answer

The Answer of protonephridia and nephridia and metanephridia and Malpighian is...

Question 13

Birds store most of their waste nitrogen as uric acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: excreted by amphibians and mammals

Accepted Answer

The Answer of ammonia and uric acid and urea is...

Question 15

In the morning, urine tends to be concentrated because _______ secretion of ADH _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  liver; increases 
B)  heart; decreases 
C)  pituitary gland; increases 
D)  pituitary gland; decreases 
E)  thyroid gland; increases 
A)  liver; increases 
B)  heart; decreases 
C)  pituitary gland; increases 
D)  pituitary gland; decreases 
E)  thyroid gland; increases

Question 16

Figure 48-1 ​
 
​
The process represented at step A of the accompanying figure is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  excretion. 
D)  deamination. 
E)  elimination. 
A)  filtration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  excretion. 
D)  deamination. 
E)  elimination.

Question 17

Discuss why a doctor would prescribe an ACE inhibitor to a patient with a history of high blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: ACE is an enzyme i

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: ADH makes the walls of this structure permeable to water

Accepted Answer

The Answer of ureter and glomerulus and loop of Henle is...

Question 19

The renal medulla contains the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pyramids. 
B)  Bowman's capsules. 
C)  distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  glomeruli. 
E)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
A)  renal pyramids. 
B)  Bowman's capsules. 
C)  distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  glomeruli. 
E)  proximal convoluted tubules.

Question 20

Marine cartilaginous fishes overcome water loss to their environments by

Accepted Answer

A)  having specialized chloride cells in their gills that prevent water loss. 
B)  having specialized chloride cells in their gills that continuously excrete salts. 
C)  storing urea in their body fluids, which causes them to be hypertonic to sea water. 
D)  producing very small quantities of urine. 
E)  drinking large quantities of freshwater. 
A)  having specialized chloride cells in their gills that prevent water loss. 
B)  having specialized chloride cells in their gills that continuously excrete salts. 
C)  storing urea in their body fluids, which causes them to be hypertonic to sea water. 
D)  producing very small quantities of urine. 
E)  drinking large quantities of freshwater.

Exam 48: Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is more permeable to ____ than to _____.

The main osmoregulatory and excretory organ in most vertebrates is the

Secretion occurs mainly in the

Blood flows from the efferent arterioles directly into the peritubular capillaries.

The main point of entry of water into the blood of freshwater fish is through the

The ureters connect the

Figure 48-3 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. In which regions does atrial natriuretic peptide act?

Compare and contrast osmoregulation of freshwater fish and marine fish.

Birds store most of their waste nitrogen as uric acid.

In the morning, urine tends to be concentrated because _______ secretion of ADH _______.

Figure 48-1 ​ ​ The process represented at step A of the accompanying figure is referred to as

Discuss why a doctor would prescribe an ACE inhibitor to a patient with a history of high blood pressure.

The renal medulla contains the

Marine cartilaginous fishes overcome water loss to their environments by

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is more permeable to than to _.

Figure 48-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. In which regions does atrial natriuretic peptide act?

In the morning, urine tends to be concentrated because _ secretion of ADH _.

Figure 48-1 The process represented at step A of the accompanying figure is referred to as