Question 1

Figure 13-1
 
The experimental design in the accompanying figure was used to examine:

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship between genetic changes and metabolic enzymes. 
B)  the mutation rate of Neurospora. 
C)  resistance of Neurospora to genetic poisons. 
D)  toxicity of arginine metabolites. 
E)  growth of Neurospora in the presence of different antibiotics. 
A)  the relationship between genetic changes and metabolic enzymes. 
B)  the mutation rate of Neurospora. 
C)  resistance of Neurospora to genetic poisons. 
D)  toxicity of arginine metabolites. 
E)  growth of Neurospora in the presence of different antibiotics. A

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: the first stage of translation

Accepted Answer

The Answer of elongation and initiation and termination is...

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: small RNA molecules; inhibit translation

Accepted Answer

The Answer of siRNA and piRNA and SRP RNA and is...

Question 4

The 3′ end of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs is changed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  removing the last phosphate group 
B)  adding a "cap" 
C)  copying the last few bases so that it can form a duplex structure 
D)  adding 100−250 adenine nucleotides 
E)  phosphorylation of the mRNA molecule 
A)  removing the last phosphate group 
B)  adding a "cap" 
C)  copying the last few bases so that it can form a duplex structure 
D)  adding 100−250 adenine nucleotides 
E)  phosphorylation of the mRNA molecule

Question 5

List the differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs and explain the purpose of these differences.

Accepted Answer

1) Addition of a 5'cap to eukaryotic mRN

Question 6

RNA synthesis is also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  elongation. 
B)  reverse transcription. 
C)  termination. 
D)  translation. 
E)  transcription. 
A)  elongation. 
B)  reverse transcription. 
C)  termination. 
D)  translation. 
E)  transcription.

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: protein synthesis proceeding in a 5' to 3' direction

Accepted Answer

The Answer of initiation and elongation and termination is...

Question 8

Following peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the A site on the ribosome and the growing polypeptide chain, the tRNA in the A site:

Accepted Answer

A)  releases the growing polypeptide chain 
B)  picks up another amino acid to add to the chain 
C)  moves to the P site of the ribosome 
D)  forms a peptide bond with A site of the ribosome 
E)  forms a covalent bond with the P site of the ribosome 
A)  releases the growing polypeptide chain 
B)  picks up another amino acid to add to the chain 
C)  moves to the P site of the ribosome 
D)  forms a peptide bond with A site of the ribosome 
E)  forms a covalent bond with the P site of the ribosome

Question 9

Beadle and Tatum began their studies with wild-type Neurospora. How is this organism best characterized?

Accepted Answer

A)  A strain that only grows in the wild 
B)  A mutant strain that will only grow in the lab on complete medium 
C)  A strain that will not grow in the lab 
D)  A virulent strain 
E)  A normal phenotype that will grow on minimal medium 
A)  A strain that only grows in the wild 
B)  A mutant strain that will only grow in the lab on complete medium 
C)  A strain that will not grow in the lab 
D)  A virulent strain 
E)  A normal phenotype that will grow on minimal medium

Question 10

The total number of different three-base combinations of the four nucleic acid bases is:

Accepted Answer

A)  12 
B)  16 
C)  20 
D)  64 
E)  256 
A)  12 
B)  16 
C)  20 
D)  64 
E)  256

Question 11

Eukaryotic mRNA has a significantly longer half life than its prokaryotic counterpart. How is this accomplished in eukaryotes? What processes tend to degrade mRNA molecules in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and why are these processes needed?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Eukaryotic mRNA is

Question 12

Which of the following numbered events represents the correct sequence of events of prokaryotic translation initiation? 1) Large ribosomal subunit binds to initiation complex.
2) Initiation tRNA binds small ribosomal subunit.
3) Initiation complex binds to ribosome recognition sequence on mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 3 
B)  1 → 3 → 2 
C)  2 → 1 → 3 
D)  2 → 3 → 1 
E)  3 → 2 → 1 
A)  1 → 2 → 3 
B)  1 → 3 → 2 
C)  2 → 1 → 3 
D)  2 → 3 → 1 
E)  3 → 2 → 1

Question 13

Binding of the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  no energy input 
B)  energy supplied by two ATP molecules 
C)  energy supplied by GTP 
D)  activation of the A site 
E)  phosphorylation of the tRNA molecule 
A)  no energy input 
B)  energy supplied by two ATP molecules 
C)  energy supplied by GTP 
D)  activation of the A site 
E)  phosphorylation of the tRNA molecule

Question 14

Leader sequences contain signals that:

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent enzymes from degrading the newly synthesized mRNA. 
B)  inhibit ribosome binding until the appropriate time. 
C)  initiate chain termination. 
D)  allow the ribosomes to be properly positioned for translation of mRNA molecules. 
E)  allow tRNA molecules to successfully bind to mRNA. 
A)  prevent enzymes from degrading the newly synthesized mRNA. 
B)  inhibit ribosome binding until the appropriate time. 
C)  initiate chain termination. 
D)  allow the ribosomes to be properly positioned for translation of mRNA molecules. 
E)  allow tRNA molecules to successfully bind to mRNA.

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: responsible for pre-rRNA molecule processing in the nucleolus

Accepted Answer

The Answer of lncRNA and piRNA and snoRNA and miRNA is...

Question 16

Reverse transcriptase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In the process of transcription, incoming RNA nucleotides are in their triphosphates form.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Linus Pauling demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by a mutation of a single gene. 
B)  mutations only caused defects in enzymes. 
C)  mutations alter the structure of RNA, but not proteins. 
D)  mutations were inherited. 
E)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by mutations in any of a dozen genes. 
A)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by a mutation of a single gene. 
B)  mutations only caused defects in enzymes. 
C)  mutations alter the structure of RNA, but not proteins. 
D)  mutations were inherited. 
E)  the structure of hemoglobin was altered by mutations in any of a dozen genes.

Question 19

Match between columns
                        Premises: large RNA molecules; regulates chromatin structure

Accepted Answer

The Answer of lncRNA and miRNA and siRNA and piRNA is...

Question 20

The process in which RNA is synthesized using a DNA template is called translation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Gene Expression

Figure 13-1 The experimental design in the accompanying figure was used to examine:

The 3′ end of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs is changed by:

List the differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs and explain the purpose of these differences.

RNA synthesis is also known as:

Following peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the A site on the ribosome and the growing polypeptide chain, the tRNA in the A site:

Beadle and Tatum began their studies with wild-type Neurospora. How is this organism best characterized?

The total number of different three-base combinations of the four nucleic acid bases is:

Eukaryotic mRNA has a significantly longer half life than its prokaryotic counterpart. How is this accomplished in eukaryotes? What processes tend to degrade mRNA molecules in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and why are these processes needed?

Which of the following numbered events represents the correct sequence of events of prokaryotic translation initiation? 1) Large ribosomal subunit binds to initiation complex. 2) Initiation tRNA binds small ribosomal subunit. 3) Initiation complex binds to ribosome recognition sequence on mRNA.

Binding of the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site requires:

Leader sequences contain signals that:

Reverse transcriptase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template.

In the process of transcription, incoming RNA nucleotides are in their triphosphates form.

Linus Pauling demonstrated that:

The process in which RNA is synthesized using a DNA template is called translation.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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