Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of uracil?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has the ability to bond with adenine. 
B)  It has the ability to bond with guanine. 
C)  It is a purine. 
D)  It has the ability to bond with cytosine. 
E)  It contains two nitrogenous rings. 
A)  It has the ability to bond with adenine. 
B)  It has the ability to bond with guanine. 
C)  It is a purine. 
D)  It has the ability to bond with cytosine. 
E)  It contains two nitrogenous rings.

Question 2

A mutation that replaces one amino acid in a protein with another is called a ____ mutation.

Accepted Answer

A)  frameshift 
B)  recombinant 
C)  nonsense 
D)  missense 
E)  neutral 
A)  frameshift 
B)  recombinant 
C)  nonsense 
D)  missense 
E)  neutral

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: assembly of the ribosome

Accepted Answer

The Answer of elongation and initiation and termination is...

Question 4

A ____ mutation results in the conversion of a codon specifying an amino acid to a termination codon.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonsense 
B)  frameshift 
C)  chromosomal 
D)  missense 
E)  silent 
A)  nonsense 
B)  frameshift 
C)  chromosomal 
D)  missense 
E)  silent

Question 5

Figure 13-3
 
Refer to the accompanying figure. Which label indicates the location of the promoter region?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 6

The template DNA strand is described as being parallel to the complementary RNA strand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Linus Pauling proposed the one gene - one enzyme hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

How is the four-letter language of nucleic acids converted into the 20-word language of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  The four nucleic acid bases combine in two-letter combinations that define different amino acids. 
B)  The four nucleic acid bases combine in three-letter sequences that define different amino acids. 
C)  Triplets of the two-letter nucleic acid bases are translated into the 20 different amino acids. 
D)  The four bases each specify one amino acid, which in combination give rise to the remaining sixteen amino acids. 
E)  The four bases are first converted into tRNA molecules, which can each attach to five amino acids. 
A)  The four nucleic acid bases combine in two-letter combinations that define different amino acids. 
B)  The four nucleic acid bases combine in three-letter sequences that define different amino acids. 
C)  Triplets of the two-letter nucleic acid bases are translated into the 20 different amino acids. 
D)  The four bases each specify one amino acid, which in combination give rise to the remaining sixteen amino acids. 
E)  The four bases are first converted into tRNA molecules, which can each attach to five amino acids.

Question 9

How does the first nucleotide at the 5′ end of a new mRNA chain differ from the other nucleotides in the chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first nucleotide is always a uracil. 
B)  The first nucleotide is always a cytosine. 
C)  The first nucleotide retains its triphosphate group, while the others do not. 
D)  The first nucleotide does not retain its triphosphate group, while the others in the chain do. 
E)  The first nucleotide is always a modified cytosine. 
A)  The first nucleotide is always a uracil. 
B)  The first nucleotide is always a cytosine. 
C)  The first nucleotide retains its triphosphate group, while the others do not. 
D)  The first nucleotide does not retain its triphosphate group, while the others in the chain do. 
E)  The first nucleotide is always a modified cytosine.

Question 10

A(n) transposon is a DNA sequence that "jumps" into the middle of a gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

tRNA molecules are able to act as adapters between amino acids and mRNA during translation because:

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA binds to ribosomes. 
B)  tRNA can bind to both mRNA and an amino acid. 
C)  tRNA anticodons bind to amino acids. 
D)  tRNA is recognized by RNA polymerase. 
E)  tRNA molecules bind to promoter sequences to initiate transcription. 
A)  tRNA binds to ribosomes. 
B)  tRNA can bind to both mRNA and an amino acid. 
C)  tRNA anticodons bind to amino acids. 
D)  tRNA is recognized by RNA polymerase. 
E)  tRNA molecules bind to promoter sequences to initiate transcription.

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: small double-stranded RNA molecules; regulates gene expression

Accepted Answer

The Answer of lncRNA and miRNA and snoRNA and siRNA is...

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: small RNA molecules; inhibits mobile DNA element activity in germ cells

Accepted Answer

The Answer of snoRNA and lncRNA and piRNA and SRP is...

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: completed polypeptide chain released from ribosome

Accepted Answer

The Answer of termination and initiation and elongation is...

Question 15

The wobble hypothesis states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  more than one ribosome can bind to an mRNA molecule. 
B)  some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. 
C)  there is more than one stop codon in the genetic code. 
D)  an amino acid may be linked to more than one type of tRNA molecule. 
E)  certain tRNA anticodons can pair with more than one codon sequence. 
A)  more than one ribosome can bind to an mRNA molecule. 
B)  some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. 
C)  there is more than one stop codon in the genetic code. 
D)  an amino acid may be linked to more than one type of tRNA molecule. 
E)  certain tRNA anticodons can pair with more than one codon sequence.

Question 16

Which of the following is made from DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA only 
B)  mRNA only 
C)  rRNA only 
D)  mRNA and tRNA only 
E)  mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA 
A)  tRNA only 
B)  mRNA only 
C)  rRNA only 
D)  mRNA and tRNA only 
E)  mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Question 17

In the Beadle and Tatum study, it was important that Neurospora was haploid because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is easier to grow haploid molds in the laboratory. 
B)  haploid molds have simpler nutritional requirements than do diploid molds. 
C)  a mutation that arises is not masked by a normal allele on a homologous chromosome. 
D)  haploid Neurospora will always mutate. 
E)  diploid Neurospora will always mutate. 
A)  it is easier to grow haploid molds in the laboratory. 
B)  haploid molds have simpler nutritional requirements than do diploid molds. 
C)  a mutation that arises is not masked by a normal allele on a homologous chromosome. 
D)  haploid Neurospora will always mutate. 
E)  diploid Neurospora will always mutate.

Question 18

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases link ____ to their respective tRNA molecules by ____ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids; ionic 
B)  amino acids; hydrogen 
C)  amino acids; covalent 
D)  codons; covalent 
E)  anticodons; hydrogen 
A)  amino acids; ionic 
B)  amino acids; hydrogen 
C)  amino acids; covalent 
D)  codons; covalent 
E)  anticodons; hydrogen

Question 19

The notion that the genetic code is universal suggests a common ancestor for all living organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Match between columns
                        Premises: initiator tRNA binds to the start codon

Accepted Answer

The Answer of termination and initiation and elongation is...

Exam 13: Gene Expression

Which of the following is a characteristic of uracil?

A mutation that replaces one amino acid in a protein with another is called a ____ mutation.

A ____ mutation results in the conversion of a codon specifying an amino acid to a termination codon.

Figure 13-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which label indicates the location of the promoter region?

The template DNA strand is described as being parallel to the complementary RNA strand.

Linus Pauling proposed the one gene - one enzyme hypothesis.

How is the four-letter language of nucleic acids converted into the 20-word language of amino acids?

How does the first nucleotide at the 5′ end of a new mRNA chain differ from the other nucleotides in the chain?

A(n) transposon is a DNA sequence that "jumps" into the middle of a gene.

tRNA molecules are able to act as adapters between amino acids and mRNA during translation because:

The wobble hypothesis states that:

Which of the following is made from DNA?

In the Beadle and Tatum study, it was important that Neurospora was haploid because:

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases link ____ to their respective tRNA molecules by ____ bonds.

The notion that the genetic code is universal suggests a common ancestor for all living organisms.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases link to their respective tRNA molecules by bonds.