Question 1

If an animal population is diploid, then each individual possesses:

Accepted Answer

A)  one allele for each locus. 
B)  two alleles for each locus. 
C)  three or more alleles for each locus. 
D)  a partial set of alleles found in each cell. 
E)  a complete set of alleles found in each chromosome. 
A)  one allele for each locus. 
B)  two alleles for each locus. 
C)  three or more alleles for each locus. 
D)  a partial set of alleles found in each cell. 
E)  a complete set of alleles found in each chromosome. B

Question 2

Which is an example of nonrandom mating?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selecting a mate by their genotype 
B)  Selecting a mate by their phenotype 
C)  Selecting a mate by their species richness 
D)  Selecting a mate by their family relationship 
E)  Selecting a mate by their success of defeating another 
A)  Selecting a mate by their genotype 
B)  Selecting a mate by their phenotype 
C)  Selecting a mate by their species richness 
D)  Selecting a mate by their family relationship 
E)  Selecting a mate by their success of defeating another B

Question 3

When mutations are not passed on from one generation to the next, then a mutation can:

Accepted Answer

A)  arise in somatic cells. 
B)  result from genetic drift. 
C)  arise from the founder effect. 
D)  be balanced by polymorphism. 
E)  result from disruptive selection. 
A)  arise in somatic cells. 
B)  result from genetic drift. 
C)  arise from the founder effect. 
D)  be balanced by polymorphism. 
E)  result from disruptive selection. A

Question 4

A population in which the allele and genotype frequencies do not change over time is said to be in:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic stasis. 
B)  allele balance. 
C)  genetic equilibrium. 
D)  population stability. 
E)  phenotype equilibrium. 
A)  genetic stasis. 
B)  allele balance. 
C)  genetic equilibrium. 
D)  population stability. 
E)  phenotype equilibrium.

Question 5

____________________ and frequency-dependent selection are mechanisms that preserve balanced polymorphism.

Accepted Answer

A)  the founder effect 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  heterozygote advantage 
D)  stabilizing selection 
E)  disruptive selection. 
A)  the founder effect 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  heterozygote advantage 
D)  stabilizing selection 
E)  disruptive selection.

Question 6

In the human species, a heterozygote advantage is demonstrated by which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albinism 
B)  Hemophilia 
C)  Down syndrome 
D)  Sickle cell anemia 
E)  Klinefelter syndrome 
A)  Albinism 
B)  Hemophilia 
C)  Down syndrome 
D)  Sickle cell anemia 
E)  Klinefelter syndrome

Question 7

A phenotype frequency is the proportion of a particular phenotype in the population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Why would the population of royal families (of England as well as other countries) not qualify for the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Accepted Answer

The royal families are small a

Question 9

The movement of 25-year-old fertile individuals between Mexico and Canada will eventually contribute to:

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  gene flow. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  directional selection. 
A)  mutation. 
B)  gene flow. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  directional selection.

Question 10

For a particular gene, the frequency of the dominant allele H is 0.65. The total population size is 10,000 individuals. In addition, the homozygous recessive condition results in living but sterile offspring. Fill in the table of values for the generations indicated: 
   Does this population exhibit Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Why or why not? If not, what assumptions does the Hardy-Weinberg principle make that appear to be inapplicable in this situation?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The Hardy-Weinberg

Question 11

Variation is introduced into a population through _________________, which is an unpredictable change in deoxyribonucleic acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  migration 
C)  inbreeding 
D)  genetic drift 
E)  natural selection 
A)  mutation 
B)  migration 
C)  inbreeding 
D)  genetic drift 
E)  natural selection

Question 12

In order to meet the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg predictions, a population must:

Accepted Answer

A)  be very large. 
B)  mutate very quickly. 
C)  have extensive mating rituals. 
D)  have a large number of immigrants. 
E)  have a high rate of natural selection. 
A)  be very large. 
B)  mutate very quickly. 
C)  have extensive mating rituals. 
D)  have a large number of immigrants. 
E)  have a high rate of natural selection.

Question 13

In nonrandom mating, each individual in a population has an equal chance of mating with any individual of the opposite sex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

_____________________ is a special type of directional selection in which there is a trend in several directions rather than just one.

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  natural selection 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  beneficial mutations 
A)  gene flow 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  natural selection 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  beneficial mutations

Question 15

Evolution that involves changes in allele frequencies over just a few successive generations is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  microevolution. 
C)  macroevolution. 
D)  stabilizing selection. 
E)  directional selection. 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  microevolution. 
C)  macroevolution. 
D)  stabilizing selection. 
E)  directional selection.

Question 16

The Hardy-Weinberg principle:

Accepted Answer

A)  states that allele and genotype frequencies change from generation to generation in a population at genetic equilibrium. 
B)  shows that if the population is large, the process of inheritance by itself causes changes in allele frequencies. 
C)  allows biologists to calculate allele frequencies in a given population if we know the genotype frequencies, and vice versa. 
D)  represents an ideal situation that seldom does not occur in the natural world. 
E)  is not essential to understanding the mechanisms of evolutionary change in sexually reproducing populations. 
A)  states that allele and genotype frequencies change from generation to generation in a population at genetic equilibrium. 
B)  shows that if the population is large, the process of inheritance by itself causes changes in allele frequencies. 
C)  allows biologists to calculate allele frequencies in a given population if we know the genotype frequencies, and vice versa. 
D)  represents an ideal situation that seldom does not occur in the natural world. 
E)  is not essential to understanding the mechanisms of evolutionary change in sexually reproducing populations.

Question 17

Balanced polymorphism can be maintained by the combined actions of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the founder effect and genetic drift. 
B)  heterozygote advantage and genetic drift. 
C)  heterozygote advantage and the founder effect. 
D)  frequency-dependent selection and the founder effect. 
E)  heterozygote advantage and frequency-dependent selection. 
A)  the founder effect and genetic drift. 
B)  heterozygote advantage and genetic drift. 
C)  heterozygote advantage and the founder effect. 
D)  frequency-dependent selection and the founder effect. 
E)  heterozygote advantage and frequency-dependent selection.

Question 18

The migration of breeding individuals between populations causes a corresponding movement of alleles, which is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  gene flow. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  directional selection. 
A)  mutation. 
B)  gene flow. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  directional selection.

Question 19

Which best describes the effect of positive assortative mating in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes natural selection. 
B)  It increases homozygosity. 
C)  It changes allele frequencies. 
D)  It stabilizes genotype frequencies. 
E)  It produces more mutations each generation. 
A)  It causes natural selection. 
B)  It increases homozygosity. 
C)  It changes allele frequencies. 
D)  It stabilizes genotype frequencies. 
E)  It produces more mutations each generation.

Question 20

The Hardy-Weinberg principle shows that if the population is large , inheritance alone does not cause changes in allele frequency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: Evolutionary Change in Populations

If an animal population is diploid, then each individual possesses:

Which is an example of nonrandom mating?

When mutations are not passed on from one generation to the next, then a mutation can:

A population in which the allele and genotype frequencies do not change over time is said to be in:

____________________ and frequency-dependent selection are mechanisms that preserve balanced polymorphism.

In the human species, a heterozygote advantage is demonstrated by which condition?

A phenotype frequency is the proportion of a particular phenotype in the population.

Why would the population of royal families (of England as well as other countries) not qualify for the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

The movement of 25-year-old fertile individuals between Mexico and Canada will eventually contribute to:

Variation is introduced into a population through _________________, which is an unpredictable change in deoxyribonucleic acid.

In order to meet the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg predictions, a population must:

In nonrandom mating, each individual in a population has an equal chance of mating with any individual of the opposite sex.

_____________________ is a special type of directional selection in which there is a trend in several directions rather than just one.

Evolution that involves changes in allele frequencies over just a few successive generations is referred to as:

The Hardy-Weinberg principle:

Balanced polymorphism can be maintained by the combined actions of:

The migration of breeding individuals between populations causes a corresponding movement of alleles, which is referred to as:

Which best describes the effect of positive assortative mating in a population?

The Hardy-Weinberg principle shows that if the population is large , inheritance alone does not cause changes in allele frequency.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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