Question 1

An immunization against cow pox should protect an individual:

Accepted Answer

A)  by increasing the production of lymphocytes by the bone marrow. 
B)  through the production of diverse antibodies. 
C)  by initiating a secondary immune response. 
D)  against other antigens with the same antigenic determinants. 
E)  against other bacterial infections. 
A)  by increasing the production of lymphocytes by the bone marrow. 
B)  through the production of diverse antibodies. 
C)  by initiating a secondary immune response. 
D)  against other antigens with the same antigenic determinants. 
E)  against other bacterial infections. D

Question 2

Which of the following is a specific defense mechanisms or barrier used by an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acid secretions of the stomach 
B)  Inflammation 
C)  Antibodies 
D)  Mucus in the respiratory tract 
E)  Skin 
A)  Acid secretions of the stomach 
B)  Inflammation 
C)  Antibodies 
D)  Mucus in the respiratory tract 
E)  Skin C

Question 3

Figure 45-1 ​
 
​
The response represented by the dashed line in the accompanying figure indicates a:

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary response to the initial antigen. 
B)  primary response to the initial antigen. 
C)  secondary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen. 
D)  primary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen. 
E)  secondary response equivalent to a primary response 
A)  secondary response to the initial antigen. 
B)  primary response to the initial antigen. 
C)  secondary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen. 
D)  primary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen. 
E)  secondary response equivalent to a primary response D

Question 4

Which of the following combinations could result in Rh incompatibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh-positive mother, Rh-negative father 
B)  Rh-positive mother, Rh-positive father 
C)  Rh-negative mother, Rh-positive father 
D)  Rh-negative mother, Rh-negative father 
E)  More than one of the above. 
A)  Rh-positive mother, Rh-negative father 
B)  Rh-positive mother, Rh-positive father 
C)  Rh-negative mother, Rh-positive father 
D)  Rh-negative mother, Rh-negative father 
E)  More than one of the above.

Question 5

The part of the antibody that binds an antigen:

Accepted Answer

A)  is known as the Fc fragment. 
B)  is called an epitope. 
C)  makes up the tail of the Y-shaped molecule. 
D)  is known as the Fab fragments. 
E)  is known as the constant segment. 
A)  is known as the Fc fragment. 
B)  is called an epitope. 
C)  makes up the tail of the Y-shaped molecule. 
D)  is known as the Fab fragments. 
E)  is known as the constant segment.

Question 6

Which of the following immune system components has been identified in almost all organisms studied?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone marrow 
B)  Phagocytes 
C)  Antimicrobial peptides 
D)  T-cells 
E)  Memory cells 
A)  Bone marrow 
B)  Phagocytes 
C)  Antimicrobial peptides 
D)  T-cells 
E)  Memory cells

Question 7

You had a cold last month and you caught another one this month from your daughter. What is the most likely cause of this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory cells were not formed as a response to the first cold. 
B)  The antibodies formed as a response to the first cold were degraded. 
C)  The two cold viruses are significantly different. 
D)  Your T cells are not working properly. 
E)  Your antigen-presenting cells do not recognize the second cold virus. 
A)  Memory cells were not formed as a response to the first cold. 
B)  The antibodies formed as a response to the first cold were degraded. 
C)  The two cold viruses are significantly different. 
D)  Your T cells are not working properly. 
E)  Your antigen-presenting cells do not recognize the second cold virus.

Question 8

A nursing baby:

Accepted Answer

A)  lacks cell-mediated immunity. 
B)  lacks antibody-mediated immunity. 
C)  lacks an adaptive immune response. 
D)  receives active immunity via the breast milk. 
E)  receives passive immunity via the breast milk. 
A)  lacks cell-mediated immunity. 
B)  lacks antibody-mediated immunity. 
C)  lacks an adaptive immune response. 
D)  receives active immunity via the breast milk. 
E)  receives passive immunity via the breast milk.

Question 9

Type II interferon inhibits viral replication and activates natural killer cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following vaccines are NOT produced by long-term culturing in nonhuman cells, rendering the pathogen unable to cause disease in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sabin polio 
B)  Measles 
C)  Mumps 
D)  Rubella 
E)  Tetanus 
A)  Sabin polio 
B)  Measles 
C)  Mumps 
D)  Rubella 
E)  Tetanus

Question 11

Active immunity occurs after transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: Dendritic cells

Accepted Answer

The Answer of CD8 and Differentiates into plasma cell and is...

Question 13

Class II MHC genes encode glycoproteins on the surface of cells that bind with antigens originating from intracellular pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In antibody-mediated immunity, what happens immediately after B cells are activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  The foreign antigen-MHC complex is displayed on the cell surfaces. 
B)  Activated T helper cells interact with the B cells. 
C)  The B cells are cloned. 
D)  Antibodies combine with antigens on the pathogen surface. 
E)  The B cells becomes plasma cells. 
A)  The foreign antigen-MHC complex is displayed on the cell surfaces. 
B)  Activated T helper cells interact with the B cells. 
C)  The B cells are cloned. 
D)  Antibodies combine with antigens on the pathogen surface. 
E)  The B cells becomes plasma cells.

Question 15

Which cells complete their maturation in the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cytotoxic cells only 
B)  T helper cells only 
C)  B cells only 
D)  Both T cytotoxic and T helper cells 
E)  T cytotoxic cells, T helper cells, and B cells 
A)  T cytotoxic cells only 
B)  T helper cells only 
C)  B cells only 
D)  Both T cytotoxic and T helper cells 
E)  T cytotoxic cells, T helper cells, and B cells

Question 16

Describe the sequence of events that occur during cell-mediated immunity.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Specific T cells a

Question 17

In many kinds of allergic reactions, distinctive immunoglobins of which type are produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM 
A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM

Question 18

Which statement about the inflammatory response is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Histamine causes increased capillary permeability. 
B)  Type I interferons and neutrophils secrete histamine. 
C)  Increased blood flow to infected areas brings more phagocytic cells. 
D)  Swelling results from an increase in the volume of interstitial fluid in the infected area. 
E)  Edema and certain enzymes in the plasma cause the pain associated with inflammation. 
A)  Histamine causes increased capillary permeability. 
B)  Type I interferons and neutrophils secrete histamine. 
C)  Increased blood flow to infected areas brings more phagocytic cells. 
D)  Swelling results from an increase in the volume of interstitial fluid in the infected area. 
E)  Edema and certain enzymes in the plasma cause the pain associated with inflammation.

Question 19

Which statement about HIV is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV infection results in a dramatic decline in the T helper cell population. 
B)  The first cells targeted by HIV are dendritic cells. 
C)  T cytotoxic cells are the main cells that attack HIV. 
D)  Dendritic cells transport HIV from the mucosa to the lymph nodes. 
E)  HIV attaches to the CD4 component of TH cells. 
A)  HIV infection results in a dramatic decline in the T helper cell population. 
B)  The first cells targeted by HIV are dendritic cells. 
C)  T cytotoxic cells are the main cells that attack HIV. 
D)  Dendritic cells transport HIV from the mucosa to the lymph nodes. 
E)  HIV attaches to the CD4 component of TH cells.

Question 20

The enzyme found in tears that can digest bacterial cell walls is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  protease. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  interferon. 
D)  cytokine. 
E)  defensin. 
A)  protease. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  interferon. 
D)  cytokine. 
E)  defensin.

Exam 45: The Immune System: Internal Defense

An immunization against cow pox should protect an individual:

Which of the following is a specific defense mechanisms or barrier used by an animal?

Figure 45-1 ​ ​ The response represented by the dashed line in the accompanying figure indicates a:

Which of the following combinations could result in Rh incompatibility?

The part of the antibody that binds an antigen:

Which of the following immune system components has been identified in almost all organisms studied?

You had a cold last month and you caught another one this month from your daughter. What is the most likely cause of this?

A nursing baby:

Type II interferon inhibits viral replication and activates natural killer cells.

Which of the following vaccines are NOT produced by long-term culturing in nonhuman cells, rendering the pathogen unable to cause disease in humans?

Active immunity occurs after transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus.

Class II MHC genes encode glycoproteins on the surface of cells that bind with antigens originating from intracellular pathogens.

In antibody-mediated immunity, what happens immediately after B cells are activated?

Which cells complete their maturation in the thymus gland?

Describe the sequence of events that occur during cell-mediated immunity.

In many kinds of allergic reactions, distinctive immunoglobins of which type are produced?

Which statement about the inflammatory response is FALSE?

Which statement about HIV is FALSE?

The enzyme found in tears that can digest bacterial cell walls is called:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 45-1 The response represented by the dashed line in the accompanying figure indicates a: