Question 1

Charybdotoxin, produced by scorpions, blocks K+ channels. This has which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperexcites the nervous system 
B)  Dampens the nervous system 
C)  Depolarizes axons 
D)  Repolarizes axons 
E)  Demyelinates axons 
A)  Hyperexcites the nervous system 
B)  Dampens the nervous system 
C)  Depolarizes axons 
D)  Repolarizes axons 
E)  Demyelinates axons C

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: A Schwann cell may form this.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Synaptic vesicle and Axon and Myelin sheath is...

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the patch clamp technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  The membrane attached to the pipet tip generally contains multiple ion channels. 
B)  Ion flow cannot be measured. 
C)  The current flow is constant. 
D)  The current flow corresponds to opening and closing of the ion channel. 
E)  The permeability of the channel does not affect the magnitude of the current. 
A)  The membrane attached to the pipet tip generally contains multiple ion channels. 
B)  Ion flow cannot be measured. 
C)  The current flow is constant. 
D)  The current flow corresponds to opening and closing of the ion channel. 
E)  The permeability of the channel does not affect the magnitude of the current. A

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: An oligodendrocyte may form this.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Myelin sheath and Dendrite and Node of is...

Question 5

Compare and contrast the production and transmission of a graded potential with those of an action potential.

Accepted Answer

Both are alterations in the membrane tha

Question 6

The myelin sheath:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a protein covering around dendrites. 
B)  is responsible for integrating information. 
C)  is a fatty covering only around axons. 
D)  stores neurotransmitters in the axon. 
E)  is a fatty covering only around cell bodies. 
A)  is a protein covering around dendrites. 
B)  is responsible for integrating information. 
C)  is a fatty covering only around axons. 
D)  stores neurotransmitters in the axon. 
E)  is a fatty covering only around cell bodies.

Question 7

Ependymal cells are a type of macrophage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Match between columns
                        Premises: Remove excess K+

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Microglia and Oligodendrocytes and Ependymal cells and is...

Question 9

Arrange the events of a second messenger system in the correct order.
1) Protein kinase is activated.
2) G protein is activated.
3) The neurotransmitter binds to its receptor.
4) The protein closes the potassium channel.
5) Cyclic AMP is produced.
6) Phosphorylation takes place.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 5 → 6 → 4 → 3 
B)  3 → 5 → 6 → 1 → 2 → 4 
C)  5 → 2 → 6 → 1 → 3 → 4 
D)  3 → 2 → 5 → 1 → 6 → 4 
E)  5 → 2 → 6 → 1 → 4 → 3 
A)  1 → 2 → 5 → 6 → 4 → 3 
B)  3 → 5 → 6 → 1 → 2 → 4 
C)  5 → 2 → 6 → 1 → 3 → 4 
D)  3 → 2 → 5 → 1 → 6 → 4 
E)  5 → 2 → 6 → 1 → 4 → 3

Question 10

In multiple sclerosis, a patient:

Accepted Answer

A)  loses coordination due to the replacement of myelin with scar tissue. 
B)  accumulates neurofibrillary tangles in the brain resulting in dementia. 
C)  suffers tremors due to overly rapid and spontaneous firing of neural impulses. 
D)  loses the ability to move because of motor neuron degeneration. 
E)  suffers depression due to abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters. 
A)  loses coordination due to the replacement of myelin with scar tissue. 
B)  accumulates neurofibrillary tangles in the brain resulting in dementia. 
C)  suffers tremors due to overly rapid and spontaneous firing of neural impulses. 
D)  loses the ability to move because of motor neuron degeneration. 
E)  suffers depression due to abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters.

Question 11

Figure 41-2 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. What structure is designated by label B?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation gate 
B)  Inactivation gate 
C)  Modulatory sensor 
D)  Transport pump 
E)  Transport sensor 
A)  Activation gate 
B)  Inactivation gate 
C)  Modulatory sensor 
D)  Transport pump 
E)  Transport sensor

Question 12

Figure 41-2 ​
 
​
The accompanying figure represents a sequence of events occurring in the neuronal membrane (designated by the numbers 1 and 2). The letter "I" indicates an ion. What event is mostly likely being portrayed in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of voltage-gated sodium channels 
B)  Activation of voltage-gated potassium channels 
C)  Activation of voltage-gated chloride channels 
D)  Activation of sodium-chloride pumps 
E)  Activation of sodium-potassium pumps 
A)  Activation of voltage-gated sodium channels 
B)  Activation of voltage-gated potassium channels 
C)  Activation of voltage-gated chloride channels 
D)  Activation of sodium-chloride pumps 
E)  Activation of sodium-potassium pumps

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: Neurotransmitters are typically released from here.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Node of Ranvier and Synaptic vesicle and is...

Question 14

Which neural signaling process is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Integration: sort and interpret sensory information 
B)  Reception: sort and interpret sensory information 
C)  Transmission: sort and interpret sensory information 
D)  Integration: detect a stimulus 
E)  Transmission: detect a stimulus 
A)  Integration: sort and interpret sensory information 
B)  Reception: sort and interpret sensory information 
C)  Transmission: sort and interpret sensory information 
D)  Integration: detect a stimulus 
E)  Transmission: detect a stimulus

Question 15

THC, the main psychoactive ingredient of cannabis, decreases release of which of the following neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glutamate 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  "Substance P" 
E)  Nitric oxide 
A)  Glutamate 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  "Substance P" 
E)  Nitric oxide

Question 16

A neuronal axon transmits neural impulses toward its cell body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Explain the difference between convergence and divergence, and outline why each is important in neural circuit functioning.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: In convergence, a

Question 18

What axonal characteristic facilitates the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments. 
B)  Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
C)  Voltage-gated Na+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments; voltage-gated K+ channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
D)  Voltage-gated K+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments; voltage-gated Na+ channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
E)  Voltage-gated Na+ K+ channels are spread evenly throughout both myelinated and unmyelinated segments. 
A)  Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments. 
B)  Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
C)  Voltage-gated Na+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments; voltage-gated K+ channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
D)  Voltage-gated K+ channels are concentrated in the myelinated axonal segments; voltage-gated Na+ channels are concentrated in the unmyelinated axonal segments. 
E)  Voltage-gated Na+ K+ channels are spread evenly throughout both myelinated and unmyelinated segments.

Question 19

Astrocytes are glia that provide nutrients for neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What happens when the membrane potential of a neuron reaches the threshold level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltage-gated sodium channels open, and sodium diffuses out of the cell. 
B)  Voltage-gated potassium channels open for a very brief period. 
C)  Voltage-gated sodium channels close, so sodium cannot diffuse out of the cell. 
D)  The sodium channel protein changes its shape to open the gates of the channel. 
E)  The membrane potential is more negative than when at rest. 
A)  Voltage-gated sodium channels open, and sodium diffuses out of the cell. 
B)  Voltage-gated potassium channels open for a very brief period. 
C)  Voltage-gated sodium channels close, so sodium cannot diffuse out of the cell. 
D)  The sodium channel protein changes its shape to open the gates of the channel. 
E)  The membrane potential is more negative than when at rest.

Exam 41: Neural Signaling

Charybdotoxin, produced by scorpions, blocks K+ channels. This has which of the following effects?

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the patch clamp technique?

Compare and contrast the production and transmission of a graded potential with those of an action potential.

The myelin sheath:

Ependymal cells are a type of macrophage.

Arrange the events of a second messenger system in the correct order. 1) Protein kinase is activated. 2) G protein is activated. 3) The neurotransmitter binds to its receptor. 4) The protein closes the potassium channel. 5) Cyclic AMP is produced. 6) Phosphorylation takes place.

In multiple sclerosis, a patient:

Figure 41-2 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. What structure is designated by label B?

Figure 41-2 ​ ​ The accompanying figure represents a sequence of events occurring in the neuronal membrane (designated by the numbers 1 and 2). The letter "I" indicates an ion. What event is mostly likely being portrayed in this figure?

Which neural signaling process is correctly paired with its function?

THC, the main psychoactive ingredient of cannabis, decreases release of which of the following neurotransmitters?

A neuronal axon transmits neural impulses toward its cell body.

Explain the difference between convergence and divergence, and outline why each is important in neural circuit functioning.

What axonal characteristic facilitates the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Astrocytes are glia that provide nutrients for neurons.

What happens when the membrane potential of a neuron reaches the threshold level?

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Figure 41-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. What structure is designated by label B?

Figure 41-2 The accompanying figure represents a sequence of events occurring in the neuronal membrane (designated by the numbers 1 and 2). The letter "I" indicates an ion. What event is mostly likely being portrayed in this figure?