Question 1

Figure 41-1 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. The absence of structures represented by label 6 would result in:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased speed of impulse transmission. 
B)  decreased speed of impulse transmission. 
C)  enhanced saltatory conduction. 
D)  complete loss of impulse transmission. 
E)  complete loss of neurotransmitter release. 
A)  increased speed of impulse transmission. 
B)  decreased speed of impulse transmission. 
C)  enhanced saltatory conduction. 
D)  complete loss of impulse transmission. 
E)  complete loss of neurotransmitter release.

Question 2

Figure 41-1 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 4?

Accepted Answer

A)  To insulate the axon 
B)  To release neurotransmitters 
C)  To synthesize cell body organelles 
D)  To receive inputs from other neurons 
E)  To send retrograde signals to the cell body 
A)  To insulate the axon 
B)  To release neurotransmitters 
C)  To synthesize cell body organelles 
D)  To receive inputs from other neurons 
E)  To send retrograde signals to the cell body

Question 3

Passive ion channels do NOT permit the passage of which of the following ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Cl− 
D)  Ca2+ 
E)  Hg2+ 
A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Cl− 
D)  Ca2+ 
E)  Hg2+

Question 4

Figure 41-1 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. Which structure integrates incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6 
E)  8 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6 
E)  8

Question 5

The action potential either occurs or it does not. No variation exists in the strength of a single impulse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Saltatory conduction:

Accepted Answer

A)  does not involve voltage-activated potassium ion channels. 
B)  can occur in both myelinated and unmyelinated neurons. 
C)  is slightly slower than continuous conduction. 
D)  is more energy efficient than continuous conduction. 
E)  allows nerve impulses to jump from Schwann cell to Schwann cell. 
A)  does not involve voltage-activated potassium ion channels. 
B)  can occur in both myelinated and unmyelinated neurons. 
C)  is slightly slower than continuous conduction. 
D)  is more energy efficient than continuous conduction. 
E)  allows nerve impulses to jump from Schwann cell to Schwann cell.

Question 7

Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide are all neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The resting potential of a typical neuron is approximately +70 mV.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In Alzheimer's disease, neurons that secrete which neurotransmitter are particularly affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Serotonin 
D)  Acetylcholine 
E)  GABA 
A)  Epinephrine 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Serotonin 
D)  Acetylcholine 
E)  GABA

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: This transports neural impulses away from the cell body.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Synaptic vesicle and Axon and Dendrite and is...

Question 11

Match between columns
                        Premises: Line CNS cavities

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Ependymal cells and Astrocytes and Microglia and is...

Question 12

Figure 41-3 ​
 
​
In the accompanying figure, label A represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  resting state. 
B)  repolarization 
C)  threshold level. 
D)  equilibrium potential. 
E)  hyperpolarization. 
A)  resting state. 
B)  repolarization 
C)  threshold level. 
D)  equilibrium potential. 
E)  hyperpolarization.

Question 13

What is/are the characteristic(s) of EPSPs and IPSPs?

Accepted Answer

A)  EPSPs and IPSPs do not influence action potentials. 
B)  EPSPs and IPSPs are graded potentials. 
C)  EPSPs and IPSPs occur via an all-or-none response. 
D)  EPSPs are fast action potentials; IPSPs are slow action potentials. 
E)  EPSPs occur in myelinated axons; IPSPs occur in unmyelinated axons. 
A)  EPSPs and IPSPs do not influence action potentials. 
B)  EPSPs and IPSPs are graded potentials. 
C)  EPSPs and IPSPs occur via an all-or-none response. 
D)  EPSPs are fast action potentials; IPSPs are slow action potentials. 
E)  EPSPs occur in myelinated axons; IPSPs occur in unmyelinated axons.

Question 14

Spatial summation is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  several presynaptic neurons releasing neurotransmitters simultaneously. 
B)  several presynaptic neurons releasing neurotransmitters in a sequential pattern. 
C)  several postsynaptic neurons receiving sequential inputs from several presynaptic neurons. 
D)  a single presynaptic neuron firing multiple times in rapid succession. 
E)  a single presynaptic neuron directly contacting several postsynaptic neurons. 
A)  several presynaptic neurons releasing neurotransmitters simultaneously. 
B)  several presynaptic neurons releasing neurotransmitters in a sequential pattern. 
C)  several postsynaptic neurons receiving sequential inputs from several presynaptic neurons. 
D)  a single presynaptic neuron firing multiple times in rapid succession. 
E)  a single presynaptic neuron directly contacting several postsynaptic neurons.

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: This may be more than one meter long.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Axon and Synaptic vesicle and Dendrite and is...

Question 16

Which of the following has giant unmyelinated axons, up to 1 mm in diameter, that enable rapid response when escaping from predators?

Accepted Answer

A)  Horses 
B)  Lizards 
C)  Squirrels 
D)  Birds 
E)  Squids 
A)  Horses 
B)  Lizards 
C)  Squirrels 
D)  Birds 
E)  Squids

Exam 41: Neural Signaling

Figure 41-1 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. The absence of structures represented by label 6 would result in:

Figure 41-1 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 4?

Passive ion channels do NOT permit the passage of which of the following ions?

Figure 41-1 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. Which structure integrates incoming signals?

The action potential either occurs or it does not. No variation exists in the strength of a single impulse.

Saltatory conduction:

Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide are all neurotransmitters.

The resting potential of a typical neuron is approximately +70 mV.

In Alzheimer's disease, neurons that secrete which neurotransmitter are particularly affected?

Figure 41-3 ​ ​ In the accompanying figure, label A represents:

What is/are the characteristic(s) of EPSPs and IPSPs?

Spatial summation is characterized by:

Which of the following has giant unmyelinated axons, up to 1 mm in diameter, that enable rapid response when escaping from predators?

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Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

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The Deuterostomes

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Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

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Gas Exchange

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Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

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Filters

Figure 41-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. The absence of structures represented by label 6 would result in:

Figure 41-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 4?

Figure 41-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which structure integrates incoming signals?

Figure 41-3 In the accompanying figure, label A represents: