Question 1

Match between columns
                        Premises: Form myelin sheaths

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Microglia and Ependymal cells and Astrocytes and is...

Question 2

Figure 41-1 ​
 
​
An axon smaller than approximately what diameter is generally unmyelinated?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 m m 
B)  2 m m 
C)  200 nm 
D)  20 nm 
E)  2 nm 
A)  20 m m 
B)  2 m m 
C)  200 nm 
D)  20 nm 
E)  2 nm

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: Phagocytose bacteria and debris

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Ependymal cells and Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes and is...

Question 4

Glutamate is a neurotransmitter that functions in which of the following biological processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning and memory 
B)  Mood and sleep 
C)  Transmits pain signals 
D)  Regulates food intake 
E)  Inhibits cardiac muscle 
A)  Learning and memory 
B)  Mood and sleep 
C)  Transmits pain signals 
D)  Regulates food intake 
E)  Inhibits cardiac muscle

Question 5

Figure 41-2 ​
 
​
Which of the following is an INCORRECT characterization of a graded potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  An altered potential in a relatively small region of the plasma membrane 
B)  Functions as a signal over a very short distance 
C)  Potential charge varies depending on the strength of the stimulus applied 
D)  A large stimulus causes a larger change in permeability 
E)  Is indicative of a serious disease 
A)  An altered potential in a relatively small region of the plasma membrane 
B)  Functions as a signal over a very short distance 
C)  Potential charge varies depending on the strength of the stimulus applied 
D)  A large stimulus causes a larger change in permeability 
E)  Is indicative of a serious disease

Question 6

Neural signaling typically involves four processes. What is the correct order of those processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Integration, reception, action by effectors, and transmission 
B)  Reception, transmission, integration, and action by effectors 
C)  Integration, transmission, reception, and action by effectors 
D)  Action by effectors, transmission, integration, and reception 
E)  Reception, integration, action by effectors, and transmission 
A)  Integration, reception, action by effectors, and transmission 
B)  Reception, transmission, integration, and action by effectors 
C)  Integration, transmission, reception, and action by effectors 
D)  Action by effectors, transmission, integration, and reception 
E)  Reception, integration, action by effectors, and transmission

Question 7

Which of the following are typically short, highly branched processes specialized to receive stimuli and send signals to the nerve cell body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dendrites 
B)  Axons 
C)  Schwann cells 
D)  Myelin sheath 
E)  Nodes of Ranvier 
A)  Dendrites 
B)  Axons 
C)  Schwann cells 
D)  Myelin sheath 
E)  Nodes of Ranvier

Question 8

What did Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley conclude from their squid axon experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  The passage of Na+ ions into a neuron and K+ ions out of a neuron results in an action potential. 
B)  The passage of K+ ions into a neuron and Na+ ions out of a neuron results in an action potential. 
C)  The passage of K+ ions into a neuron and Ca+ ions out of a neuron results in an action potential. 
D)  The passage of Cl− ions into a neuron and K+ ions out of a neuron results in an action potential. 
E)  The passage of Cl− ions into a neuron and Ca+ ions out of a neuron results in an action potential. 
A)  The passage of Na+ ions into a neuron and K+ ions out of a neuron results in an action potential. 
B)  The passage of K+ ions into a neuron and Na+ ions out of a neuron results in an action potential. 
C)  The passage of K+ ions into a neuron and Ca+ ions out of a neuron results in an action potential. 
D)  The passage of Cl− ions into a neuron and K+ ions out of a neuron results in an action potential. 
E)  The passage of Cl− ions into a neuron and Ca+ ions out of a neuron results in an action potential.

Question 9

Match between columns
                        Premises: Voltage-gated Na+ channels are clustered here.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Axon and Myelin sheath and Synaptic vesicle is...

Question 10

Figure 41-3 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. Depolarization is indicated by the label:

Accepted Answer

A)  A. 
B)  B. 
C)  C. 
D)  D. 
E)  E. 
A)  A. 
B)  B. 
C)  C. 
D)  D. 
E)  E.

Question 11

The resting potential of a neuron results from a:

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral charge in the cytosolic and extracellular fluids. 
B)  negative cytosolic charge relative to the extracellular fluid. 
C)  positive cytosolic charge relative to the extracellular fluid. 
D)  fluctuating cytosolic charge and constant extracellular charge. 
E)  constant cytosolic charge and fluctuating extracellular charge. 
A)  neutral charge in the cytosolic and extracellular fluids. 
B)  negative cytosolic charge relative to the extracellular fluid. 
C)  positive cytosolic charge relative to the extracellular fluid. 
D)  fluctuating cytosolic charge and constant extracellular charge. 
E)  constant cytosolic charge and fluctuating extracellular charge.

Question 12

Define summation and explain the difference between temporal and spatial summation.

Accepted Answer

Summation refers to adding and subtracti

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of the all-or-none response?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a stimulus is strong enough, all axons in a nerve bundle will fire simultaneously. 
B)  A neuron will only produce an action potential if it has been depolarized to its threshold level. 
C)  All neurons of a nerve bundle discharge impulses at the same frequency. 
D)  A neuron can create an action potential of varying intensities. 
E)  Either all or none of the neurons of a brain region will fire impulses when stimulated. 
A)  If a stimulus is strong enough, all axons in a nerve bundle will fire simultaneously. 
B)  A neuron will only produce an action potential if it has been depolarized to its threshold level. 
C)  All neurons of a nerve bundle discharge impulses at the same frequency. 
D)  A neuron can create an action potential of varying intensities. 
E)  Either all or none of the neurons of a brain region will fire impulses when stimulated.

Question 14

During the absolute refractory period, the axon membrane cannot transmit another action potential.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The arrival of an action potential at a synaptic terminal causes voltage-gated potassium channels to open.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In convergence, a single neuron is controlled by signals from two or more presynaptic neurons. ____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the speed of impulse conduction in a neuron is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Longer axons can transmit impulses faster than shorter ones. 
B)  Unmyelinated axons transmit impulses faster than myelinated ones. 
C)  Shorter axons can transmit impulses faster than longer ones. 
D)  Nerve impulses travel faster than the speed of light. 
E)  Unmyelinated axons with larger diameters transmit impulses faster than ones with small diameters. 
A)  Longer axons can transmit impulses faster than shorter ones. 
B)  Unmyelinated axons transmit impulses faster than myelinated ones. 
C)  Shorter axons can transmit impulses faster than longer ones. 
D)  Nerve impulses travel faster than the speed of light. 
E)  Unmyelinated axons with larger diameters transmit impulses faster than ones with small diameters.

Question 18

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP):

Accepted Answer

A)  results in partial depolarization of the neuron. 
B)  always causes a neuron to fire. 
C)  prevents a neuron from firing. 
D)  results in partial hyperpolarization of the neuron. 
E)  changes the action potential threshold level. 
A)  results in partial depolarization of the neuron. 
B)  always causes a neuron to fire. 
C)  prevents a neuron from firing. 
D)  results in partial hyperpolarization of the neuron. 
E)  changes the action potential threshold level.

Question 19

Which of the following is a neuronal attribute that contributes to the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium is kept at a high concentration outside the cell compared with the inside. 
B)  Sodium is kept at a high concentration inside the cell compared with the outside. 
C)  Neurons are more permeable to sodium than they are to potassium. 
D)  The cytosol contains large molecules that have a net positive charge. 
E)  The cytosol contains large molecules that have a net negative charge. 
A)  Potassium is kept at a high concentration outside the cell compared with the inside. 
B)  Sodium is kept at a high concentration inside the cell compared with the outside. 
C)  Neurons are more permeable to sodium than they are to potassium. 
D)  The cytosol contains large molecules that have a net positive charge. 
E)  The cytosol contains large molecules that have a net negative charge.

Question 20

In divergence, one neuron:

Accepted Answer

A)  is controlled by several neurons. 
B)  is controlled by several neurotransmitter substances. 
C)  contains several different types of ion channels. 
D)  controls several other neurons. 
E)  contains several different types of receptors. 
A)  is controlled by several neurons. 
B)  is controlled by several neurotransmitter substances. 
C)  contains several different types of ion channels. 
D)  controls several other neurons. 
E)  contains several different types of receptors.

Exam 41: Neural Signaling

Figure 41-1 ​ ​ An axon smaller than approximately what diameter is generally unmyelinated?

Glutamate is a neurotransmitter that functions in which of the following biological processes?

Figure 41-2 ​ ​ Which of the following is an INCORRECT characterization of a graded potential?

Neural signaling typically involves four processes. What is the correct order of those processes?

Which of the following are typically short, highly branched processes specialized to receive stimuli and send signals to the nerve cell body?

What did Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley conclude from their squid axon experiments?

Figure 41-3 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. Depolarization is indicated by the label:

The resting potential of a neuron results from a:

Define summation and explain the difference between temporal and spatial summation.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the all-or-none response?

During the absolute refractory period, the axon membrane cannot transmit another action potential.

The arrival of an action potential at a synaptic terminal causes voltage-gated potassium channels to open.

In convergence, a single neuron is controlled by signals from two or more presynaptic neurons. ____________________

Which of the following statements about the speed of impulse conduction in a neuron is true?

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP):

Which of the following is a neuronal attribute that contributes to the resting membrane potential?

In divergence, one neuron:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

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Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

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Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

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Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 41-1 An axon smaller than approximately what diameter is generally unmyelinated?

Figure 41-2 Which of the following is an INCORRECT characterization of a graded potential?

Figure 41-3 Refer to the accompanying figure. Depolarization is indicated by the label: