Question 1

What event triggers the release of neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium induces the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. 
B)  Sodium induces the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. 
C)  Potassium induces the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. 
D)  Calcium activates enzymes that degrade synaptic vesicles. 
E)  Sodium activates enzymes that degrade synaptic vesicles. 
A)  Calcium induces the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. 
B)  Sodium induces the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. 
C)  Potassium induces the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. 
D)  Calcium activates enzymes that degrade synaptic vesicles. 
E)  Sodium activates enzymes that degrade synaptic vesicles.

Question 2

Explain the difference between an absolute and a relative refractory period.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Absolute refractor

Question 3

Most axons transmit impulses at approximately which of the following rates?

Accepted Answer

A)  10-100 m/s 
B)  1-10 m/s 
C)  100-1,000 mm/s 
D)  10-100 mm/s 
E)  1-10 mm/s 
A)  10-100 m/s 
B)  1-10 m/s 
C)  100-1,000 mm/s 
D)  10-100 mm/s 
E)  1-10 mm/s

Question 4

Draw a diagram of a typical neuron, label its parts, and list the function of each labeled structure.

Accepted Answer

Figure 41-2 ​
@#IMG-DLM&
The diagram and its label

Question 5

Match between columns
                        Premises: This receives stimuli from another cell.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Axon and Dendrite and Node of Ranvier is...

Question 6

Most neural integrations take place in the PNS.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump transports two Na+ out of the cell for every two K+ transported in.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Figure 41-3 ​
 
​
Step 2 in the accompanying figure is accomplished by an influx of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+. 
B)  Na2+. 
C)  K+. 
A)  Ca2+. 
B)  Na2+. 
C)  K+.

Question 9

Match between columns
                        Premises: Neurotransmitters are stored here.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Myelin sheath and Node of Ranvier and is...

Question 10

Which molecule acts as a retrograde messenger at many synapses?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  Glycine 
C)  Serotonin 
D)  Substance P 
E)  Nitric oxide 
A)  GABA 
B)  Glycine 
C)  Serotonin 
D)  Substance P 
E)  Nitric oxide

Question 11

Which molecule is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  Glutamate 
C)  Serotonin 
D)  Dopamine 
E)  Acetylcholine 
A)  GABA 
B)  Glutamate 
C)  Serotonin 
D)  Dopamine 
E)  Acetylcholine

Question 12

Although the effects of an EPSP are subliminal, explain how EPSPs affect membrane potential.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: EPSPs cause partia

Question 13

The function of the sodium-potassium pump is to actively move:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell. 
B)  sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. 
C)  sodium out of the cell and to block potassium movement. 
D)  both sodium and potassium out of the cell. 
E)  both sodium and potassium into the cell. 
A)  sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell. 
B)  sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. 
C)  sodium out of the cell and to block potassium movement. 
D)  both sodium and potassium out of the cell. 
E)  both sodium and potassium into the cell.

Question 14

Which neurons integrate information coming into and out of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent neurons 
B)  Motor neurons 
C)  Interneurons 
D)  Efferent neurons 
E)  Sensory neurons 
A)  Afferent neurons 
B)  Motor neurons 
C)  Interneurons 
D)  Efferent neurons 
E)  Sensory neurons

Question 15

In a neuron, a graded potential:

Accepted Answer

A)  does not vary in magnitude. 
B)  becomes stronger as it propagates. 
C)  only generates slow action potentials. 
D)  fades out within a few millimeters. 
E)  propagates only along unmyelinated axons. 
A)  does not vary in magnitude. 
B)  becomes stronger as it propagates. 
C)  only generates slow action potentials. 
D)  fades out within a few millimeters. 
E)  propagates only along unmyelinated axons.

Question 16

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from motor neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

"Substance P" is a neurotransmitter that functions in which of the following biological processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning and memory 
B)  Mood and sleep 
C)  Transmits pain signals 
D)  Regulates food intake 
E)  Inhibits cardiac muscle 
A)  Learning and memory 
B)  Mood and sleep 
C)  Transmits pain signals 
D)  Regulates food intake 
E)  Inhibits cardiac muscle

Question 18

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding the equilibrium potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a steady state in which opposing chemical and electrical flows are equal and there is no net movement of the ion. 
B)  The equilibrium potential for K+ in a typical neuron is −90 mV. 
C)  The equilibrium potential for Na+ in a typical neuron is +60 mV. 
D)  The resting potential of a neuron is approximately −70 mV. 
E)  The membrane is much more permeable to Na+ than to K+. 
A)  It is a steady state in which opposing chemical and electrical flows are equal and there is no net movement of the ion. 
B)  The equilibrium potential for K+ in a typical neuron is −90 mV. 
C)  The equilibrium potential for Na+ in a typical neuron is +60 mV. 
D)  The resting potential of a neuron is approximately −70 mV. 
E)  The membrane is much more permeable to Na+ than to K+.

Question 19

Many neurotransmitter receptors are chemically activated ion channels known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  ligand-gated channels. 
B)  metabotropic channels. 
C)  voltage-gated channels. 
D)  G protein-coupled channels. 
E)  neurotransmitter-selective channels. 
A)  ligand-gated channels. 
B)  metabotropic channels. 
C)  voltage-gated channels. 
D)  G protein-coupled channels. 
E)  neurotransmitter-selective channels.

Question 20

How is summation related to IPSPs and EPSPs? What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Individual IPSPs o

Exam 41: Neural Signaling

What event triggers the release of neurotransmitters?

Explain the difference between an absolute and a relative refractory period.

Most axons transmit impulses at approximately which of the following rates?

Draw a diagram of a typical neuron, label its parts, and list the function of each labeled structure.

Most neural integrations take place in the PNS.

The sodium-potassium pump transports two Na+ out of the cell for every two K+ transported in.

Figure 41-3 ​ ​ Step 2 in the accompanying figure is accomplished by an influx of:

Which molecule acts as a retrograde messenger at many synapses?

Which molecule is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Although the effects of an EPSP are subliminal, explain how EPSPs affect membrane potential.

The function of the sodium-potassium pump is to actively move:

Which neurons integrate information coming into and out of the central nervous system?

In a neuron, a graded potential:

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from motor neurons.

"Substance P" is a neurotransmitter that functions in which of the following biological processes?

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding the equilibrium potential?

Many neurotransmitter receptors are chemically activated ion channels known as:

How is summation related to IPSPs and EPSPs? What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 41-3 Step 2 in the accompanying figure is accomplished by an influx of: