Question 1

Figure 13-2 ​
 
Refer to the accompanying figure. The portion of the molecule labeled as 5 is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the attached amino acid. 
B)  a double-stranded DNA region. 
C)  a single-stranded DNA region. 
D)  the anticodon. 
E)  the codon. 
A)  the attached amino acid. 
B)  a double-stranded DNA region. 
C)  a single-stranded DNA region. 
D)  the anticodon. 
E)  the codon.

Question 2

RNA is ____ and contains the nitrogenous base ____, which is absent in DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  single stranded; thymine 
B)  double stranded; uracil 
C)  single stranded; uracil 
D)  double stranded; thymine 
E)  single stranded; cytosine 
A)  single stranded; thymine 
B)  double stranded; uracil 
C)  single stranded; uracil 
D)  double stranded; thymine 
E)  single stranded; cytosine

Question 3

During translocation, the movement of the ribosome repositions the tRNA linked to the growing polypeptide chain to the ____ site, thereby vacating the ____ site for the arrival of a new amino-acyl tRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  A; P 
B)  P; A 
C)  initiation; termination 
D)  large ribosomal subunit; small ribosomal subunit 
E)  small ribosomal subunit; large ribosomal subunit 
A)  A; P 
B)  P; A 
C)  initiation; termination 
D)  large ribosomal subunit; small ribosomal subunit 
E)  small ribosomal subunit; large ribosomal subunit

Question 4

Beadle and Tatum irradiated Neurospora and initially grew the mutant strains on complete medium. How were they able to determine the type of mutation for each strain?

Accepted Answer

A)  By growing the mold on a complete medium with extra vitamins and nutrients 
B)  By growing the mold on minimal media supplemented with different combinations of amino acids and vitamins 
C)  By growing the mold in its diploid form to see which traits were masked 
D)  By comparing Neurospora to other species of mold 
E)  By observing the marked differences in morphology between the different strains 
A)  By growing the mold on a complete medium with extra vitamins and nutrients 
B)  By growing the mold on minimal media supplemented with different combinations of amino acids and vitamins 
C)  By growing the mold in its diploid form to see which traits were masked 
D)  By comparing Neurospora to other species of mold 
E)  By observing the marked differences in morphology between the different strains

Question 5

These noncoding sequences located within coding regions of ____ genes are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  only eukaryotic; introns 
B)  eukaryotic and prokaryotic; introns 
C)  only prokaryotic; introns 
D)  only eukaryotic; exons 
E)  only prokaryotic; exons 
A)  only eukaryotic; introns 
B)  eukaryotic and prokaryotic; introns 
C)  only prokaryotic; introns 
D)  only eukaryotic; exons 
E)  only prokaryotic; exons

Question 6

Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes. Why can't this process take place in eukaryotes? What disadvantage results from such linking in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The main barrier t

Question 7

Initiation of transcription requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  a promoter sequence 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  an RNA primer 
D)  a DNA primer 
E)  Okazaki fragments 
A)  a promoter sequence 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  an RNA primer 
D)  a DNA primer 
E)  Okazaki fragments

Question 8

The 3' trailing sequences are located upstream of the stop codon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Figure 13-3
 
The process illustrated in the accompanying figure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA synthesis 
B)  translation 
C)  transcription 
D)  a frame shift mutation 
E)  protein synthesis 
A)  DNA synthesis 
B)  translation 
C)  transcription 
D)  a frame shift mutation 
E)  protein synthesis

Question 10

Figure 13-1
 
What conclusion was associated with mutant strain III in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contained all the enzymes needed for normal metabolism. 
B)  It was missing all the enzymes for metabolism of amino acids. 
C)  It was missing the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of citrulline to arginine. 
D)  It was missing the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ornithine to citrulline. 
E)  It was missing the first enzyme in the arginine metabolic pathway. 
A)  It contained all the enzymes needed for normal metabolism. 
B)  It was missing all the enzymes for metabolism of amino acids. 
C)  It was missing the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of citrulline to arginine. 
D)  It was missing the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ornithine to citrulline. 
E)  It was missing the first enzyme in the arginine metabolic pathway.

Question 11

Proteins synthesized in bacteria have which of the following at their amino terminal end?

Accepted Answer

A)  N-formyl-methionine 
B)  N-acetyl-adenine 
C)  adenine triphosphate 
D)  the AUG codon 
E)  the UUU codon 
A)  N-formyl-methionine 
B)  N-acetyl-adenine 
C)  adenine triphosphate 
D)  the AUG codon 
E)  the UUU codon

Question 12

Peptidyl transferase, a _____ molecule, catalyzes the formation of _____ between amino acids at the P and A sites.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein; peptide bonds 
B)  protein; hydrogen bonds 
C)  ribozyme; peptide bonds 
D)  ribozyme; hydrogen bonds 
E)  protein; templates 
A)  protein; peptide bonds 
B)  protein; hydrogen bonds 
C)  ribozyme; peptide bonds 
D)  ribozyme; hydrogen bonds 
E)  protein; templates

Question 13

snRNPs function to splice introns together.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

How does the redundancy of the genetic code contribute to evolution?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The redundancy of

Question 15

Introns in pre-mRNA:

Accepted Answer

A)  code for specific protein domains. 
B)  are spliced out of the message. 
C)  move within the mRNA, giving rise to new exon combinations. 
D)  protect pre-mRNA from enzyme degradation. 
E)  code for important amino acid sequences. 
A)  code for specific protein domains. 
B)  are spliced out of the message. 
C)  move within the mRNA, giving rise to new exon combinations. 
D)  protect pre-mRNA from enzyme degradation. 
E)  code for important amino acid sequences.

Question 16

One of the mRNA codons specifying the amino acid leucine is 5′-CUA-3′. Its corresponding anticodon is:

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-GAT-3′ 
B)  3′-AUC-5′ 
C)  3′-GAU-5′ 
D)  3′-GAT-5′ 
E)  5′-GAU-3′ 
A)  5′-GAT-3′ 
B)  3′-AUC-5′ 
C)  3′-GAU-5′ 
D)  3′-GAT-5′ 
E)  5′-GAU-3′

Question 17

One function of snoRNAs is to process pre-rRNA molecules in the mitochondrion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If an mRNA transcript of the human XYZ gene was introduced into a yeast cell, the transcript would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  degraded immediately. 
B)  translated into a yeast-specific gene. 
C)  translated into the human XYZ protein. 
D)  exported outside the cell. 
E)  transcribed into the XYZ mRNA. 
A)  degraded immediately. 
B)  translated into a yeast-specific gene. 
C)  translated into the human XYZ protein. 
D)  exported outside the cell. 
E)  transcribed into the XYZ mRNA.

Question 19

A polyribosome is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a complex composed of several ribosomes and plus an mRNA transcript 
B)  a complex composed of several ribosomes in eukaryotes 
C)  an initiation complex in eukaryotes 
D)  an elongation complex in eukaryotes 
E)  one ribosome complexed to several mRNAs 
A)  a complex composed of several ribosomes and plus an mRNA transcript 
B)  a complex composed of several ribosomes in eukaryotes 
C)  an initiation complex in eukaryotes 
D)  an elongation complex in eukaryotes 
E)  one ribosome complexed to several mRNAs

Question 20

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence in RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Gene Expression

Figure 13-2 ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. The portion of the molecule labeled as 5 is:

RNA is ____ and contains the nitrogenous base ____, which is absent in DNA.

During translocation, the movement of the ribosome repositions the tRNA linked to the growing polypeptide chain to the ____ site, thereby vacating the ____ site for the arrival of a new amino-acyl tRNA.

Beadle and Tatum irradiated Neurospora and initially grew the mutant strains on complete medium. How were they able to determine the type of mutation for each strain?

These noncoding sequences located within coding regions of ____ genes are called ____.

Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes. Why can't this process take place in eukaryotes? What disadvantage results from such linking in prokaryotes?

Initiation of transcription requires:

The 3' trailing sequences are located upstream of the stop codon.

Figure 13-3 The process illustrated in the accompanying figure is:

Figure 13-1 What conclusion was associated with mutant strain III in the accompanying figure?

Proteins synthesized in bacteria have which of the following at their amino terminal end?

Peptidyl transferase, a _____ molecule, catalyzes the formation of _____ between amino acids at the P and A sites.

snRNPs function to splice introns together.

How does the redundancy of the genetic code contribute to evolution?

Introns in pre-mRNA:

One of the mRNA codons specifying the amino acid leucine is 5′-CUA-3′. Its corresponding anticodon is:

One function of snoRNAs is to process pre-rRNA molecules in the mitochondrion.

If an mRNA transcript of the human XYZ gene was introduced into a yeast cell, the transcript would be:

A polyribosome is:

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence in RNA.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 13-2 Refer to the accompanying figure. The portion of the molecule labeled as 5 is:

RNA is and contains the nitrogenous base , which is absent in DNA.

During translocation, the movement of the ribosome repositions the tRNA linked to the growing polypeptide chain to the site, thereby vacating the site for the arrival of a new amino-acyl tRNA.

These noncoding sequences located within coding regions of genes are called .

Peptidyl transferase, a _ molecule, catalyzes the formation of _ between amino acids at the P and A sites.