Question 1

Compare DNA and RNA. Be sure to include differences in their chemical composition and structure and their roles within the cell.

Accepted Answer

DNA and RNA are both polynucleotides. DN

Question 2

The poly-A tail is thought to facilitate the export of mRNA from the nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Draw an overview of the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryote and prokaryotes. Construct one drawing for eukaryotes and one for prokaryotes. Label all structures, molecules, processes, and cellular compartments.

Accepted Answer

The flow d

Question 4

What is the modern definition of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  a DNA sequence that encodes a specific RNA or protein product 
B)  a DNA sequence that encodes a specific polypeptide 
C)  an RNA sequence that encodes a single polypeptide 
D)  a DNA sequence that encodes several proteins 
E)  a DNA sequence that encodes specific amino acids 
A)  a DNA sequence that encodes a specific RNA or protein product 
B)  a DNA sequence that encodes a specific polypeptide 
C)  an RNA sequence that encodes a single polypeptide 
D)  a DNA sequence that encodes several proteins 
E)  a DNA sequence that encodes specific amino acids

Question 5

Match between columns
                        Premises: triggered by a stop codon

Accepted Answer

The Answer of termination and initiation and elongation is...

Question 6

Translation is initiated at the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  AUG codon 
B)  UAG codon 
C)  anticodon 
D)  promoter 
E)  downstream sequence 
A)  AUG codon 
B)  UAG codon 
C)  anticodon 
D)  promoter 
E)  downstream sequence

Question 7

A grouping of three nucleotides codes for one amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In eukaryotes, the initiator tRNA carries the amino acid leucine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Molecular chaperones assist in the folding of newly synthesized mRNAs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and retrotransposons, are significant because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the entire human genome is composed of transposons. 
B)  they are present in the human genome, but not in the genomes of other organisms. 
C)  mutations caused by retrotransposons contribute greatly to a species' evolution. 
D)  transposons are the only mechanisms of genetic diversity. 
E)  only corn contain transposons. 
A)  the entire human genome is composed of transposons. 
B)  they are present in the human genome, but not in the genomes of other organisms. 
C)  mutations caused by retrotransposons contribute greatly to a species' evolution. 
D)  transposons are the only mechanisms of genetic diversity. 
E)  only corn contain transposons.

Question 11

A "5′ cap":

Accepted Answer

A)  prevents translation. 
B)  prevents the binding of ribosomes. 
C)  marks the mRNA for degradation. 
D)  is added to mRNA but not pre-mRNA. 
E)  protects mRNA from degradation. 
A)  prevents translation. 
B)  prevents the binding of ribosomes. 
C)  marks the mRNA for degradation. 
D)  is added to mRNA but not pre-mRNA. 
E)  protects mRNA from degradation.

Question 12

A ribosome has one binding site for mRNA and two binding sites for tRNAs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Why is only one strand of DNA transcribed into mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because mRNA is only required in small quantities 
B)  Because transcribing both DNA strands would produce different amino acid sequences 
C)  Because the other strand would produce the same amino acid sequence in reverse order 
D)  Because all genes are located on the same DNA strand, while the other strand acts as protection 
E)  Because the other strand is transcribed directly into amino acids 
A)  Because mRNA is only required in small quantities 
B)  Because transcribing both DNA strands would produce different amino acid sequences 
C)  Because the other strand would produce the same amino acid sequence in reverse order 
D)  Because all genes are located on the same DNA strand, while the other strand acts as protection 
E)  Because the other strand is transcribed directly into amino acids

Question 14

Neurospora is an ideal organism to study the effects of genetic mutations because of several reasons. What is one of these?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurospora is a small mammal. 
B)  Neurospora grows as a diploid organism. 
C)  Neurospora requires a medium supplemented with only a few nutrients that it cannot manufacture on its own. 
D)  Neurospora mutant strains that cannot make a particular amino acid can still grow if that amino acid is added to the growth medium. 
E)  Neurospora contains homologous chromosomes that are easily viewed with a light microscope. 
A)  Neurospora is a small mammal. 
B)  Neurospora grows as a diploid organism. 
C)  Neurospora requires a medium supplemented with only a few nutrients that it cannot manufacture on its own. 
D)  Neurospora mutant strains that cannot make a particular amino acid can still grow if that amino acid is added to the growth medium. 
E)  Neurospora contains homologous chromosomes that are easily viewed with a light microscope.

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: growth of the polypeptide chain

Accepted Answer

The Answer of initiation and termination and elongation is...

Question 16

Garrod first proposed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic defects were due to the lack of an enzyme. 
B)  metabolic defects were due to excess enzyme production. 
C)  metabolic defects were due to chromosomal changes. 
D)  mutations were heritable. 
E)  metabolic defects did not occur in humans. 
A)  metabolic defects were due to the lack of an enzyme. 
B)  metabolic defects were due to excess enzyme production. 
C)  metabolic defects were due to chromosomal changes. 
D)  mutations were heritable. 
E)  metabolic defects did not occur in humans.

Question 17

The molecule that connects a growing polypeptide chain and mRNA is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA. 
B)  RNA polymerase. 
C)  rRNA. 
D)  a promoter. 
E)  a ribosome. 
A)  tRNA. 
B)  RNA polymerase. 
C)  rRNA. 
D)  a promoter. 
E)  a ribosome.

Question 18

Ribose differs from deoxyribose by having:

Accepted Answer

A)  two attached nitrogenous bases 
B)  one less oxygen 
C)  an extra hydroxyl group 
D)  an extra carbon in the ring 
E)  one less carbon in the ring 
A)  two attached nitrogenous bases 
B)  one less oxygen 
C)  an extra hydroxyl group 
D)  an extra carbon in the ring 
E)  one less carbon in the ring

Question 19

The enzyme peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bond formation during the elongation stage of translation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A(n) nonsense mutation is a base-pair substitution that results in the replacement of one amino acid with another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Gene Expression

Compare DNA and RNA. Be sure to include differences in their chemical composition and structure and their roles within the cell.

The poly-A tail is thought to facilitate the export of mRNA from the nucleus.

Draw an overview of the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryote and prokaryotes. Construct one drawing for eukaryotes and one for prokaryotes. Label all structures, molecules, processes, and cellular compartments.

What is the modern definition of a gene?

Translation is initiated at the ____.

A grouping of three nucleotides codes for one amino acid.

In eukaryotes, the initiator tRNA carries the amino acid leucine.

Molecular chaperones assist in the folding of newly synthesized mRNAs.

Mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and retrotransposons, are significant because:

A "5′ cap":

A ribosome has one binding site for mRNA and two binding sites for tRNAs.

Why is only one strand of DNA transcribed into mRNA?

Neurospora is an ideal organism to study the effects of genetic mutations because of several reasons. What is one of these?

Garrod first proposed that:

The molecule that connects a growing polypeptide chain and mRNA is called:

Ribose differs from deoxyribose by having:

The enzyme peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bond formation during the elongation stage of translation.

A(n) nonsense mutation is a base-pair substitution that results in the replacement of one amino acid with another.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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