Question 1

Briefly explain the role of Malpighian tubules in arthropods.

Accepted Answer

Malpighian tubules absorb uric acid, sal

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: slender extensions of the gut wall bathed in hemolymph

Accepted Answer

The Answer of protonephridia and nephridia and metanephridia and Malpighian is...

Question 3

Diabetes insipidus results from an insufficient production of

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  angiotensin II. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  renin. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  angiotensin II. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  renin.

Question 4

Sharks excrete small volumes of dilute urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Figure 48-2 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure in terms of a freshwater environment. What is the function of the structure labeled as A?

Accepted Answer

A)  Salt uptake 
B)  Water gain by osmosis 
C)  Drinking 
D)  Removal of salts and nitrogenous wastes from the blood 
E)  Release of nitrogenous wastes 
A)  Salt uptake 
B)  Water gain by osmosis 
C)  Drinking 
D)  Removal of salts and nitrogenous wastes from the blood 
E)  Release of nitrogenous wastes

Question 6

What is meant by the counterflow of fluid through the limbs of the loop of Henle, and what is its role in the normal function of a human kidney?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The filtrate passi

Question 7

Which of the following sets up a concentration gradient that allows the kidney to regulate the reabsorption of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Proximal tubule 
C)  Loop of Henle 
D)  Distal tubule 
E)  Collecting duct 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Proximal tubule 
C)  Loop of Henle 
D)  Distal tubule 
E)  Collecting duct

Question 8

Match between columns
                        Premises: contains podocytes

Accepted Answer

The Answer of collecting duct and ureter and glomerulus and is...

Question 9

What are the vasa recta?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capillary extensions of the afferent arterioles 
B)  Capillary extensions of the efferent arterioles 
C)  Regions of the renal tubule 
D)  Vessels that supply blood to the glomerulus 
E)  Vessels that supply blood to the proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  Capillary extensions of the afferent arterioles 
B)  Capillary extensions of the efferent arterioles 
C)  Regions of the renal tubule 
D)  Vessels that supply blood to the glomerulus 
E)  Vessels that supply blood to the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 10

Explain the difference between an osmoconformer and an osmoregulator, and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Most marine invertebrates are osmoconfor

Question 11

Filtration slits are located between adjacent podocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Freshwater fishes excrete most of their nitrogenous wastes through the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste of desert-living animals that can be safely stored?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids 
B)  Urea 
C)  Ammonia 
D)  Ammonium 
E)  Uric acid 
A)  Amino acids 
B)  Urea 
C)  Ammonia 
D)  Ammonium 
E)  Uric acid

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: urine flows out of the body via this structure

Accepted Answer

The Answer of collecting duct and distal convoluted tubule and is...

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: forms from blood plasma and bathes all cells

Accepted Answer

The Answer of excretion and interstitial fluid and osmoregulators and is...

Question 16

How do aquatic animals prevent toxic accumulation of ammonia in their tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  They use ammonia in other metabolic processes. 
B)  They convert ammonia to less toxic forms. 
C)  They vent ammonia into the air. 
D)  They excrete ammonia directly into the surrounding water. 
E)  Animals do not produce ammonia. 
A)  They use ammonia in other metabolic processes. 
B)  They convert ammonia to less toxic forms. 
C)  They vent ammonia into the air. 
D)  They excrete ammonia directly into the surrounding water. 
E)  Animals do not produce ammonia.

Question 17

Match between columns
                        Premises: tubule open at both ends surrounded by capillary network

Accepted Answer

The Answer of protonephridia and Malpighian tubules and metanephridia and is...

Question 18

How is a fall in blood pressure counteracted by the secretion of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: A fall in blood pr

Question 19

Match between columns
                        Premises: flatworms and nemerteans

Accepted Answer

The Answer of nephridia and protonephridia and Malpighian tubules and is...

Question 20

What is the significance of having specialized epithelium and smooth muscle in the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  It helps reabsorb water. 
B)  It helps reabsorb salts. 
C)  It permits the diffusion of gases. 
D)  It is capable of shrinkage and stretching. 
E)  It protects the bladder from nitrogenous wastes. 
A)  It helps reabsorb water. 
B)  It helps reabsorb salts. 
C)  It permits the diffusion of gases. 
D)  It is capable of shrinkage and stretching. 
E)  It protects the bladder from nitrogenous wastes.

Exam 48: Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Briefly explain the role of Malpighian tubules in arthropods.

Diabetes insipidus results from an insufficient production of

Sharks excrete small volumes of dilute urine.

Figure 48-2 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure in terms of a freshwater environment. What is the function of the structure labeled as A?

What is meant by the counterflow of fluid through the limbs of the loop of Henle, and what is its role in the normal function of a human kidney?

Which of the following sets up a concentration gradient that allows the kidney to regulate the reabsorption of water?

What are the vasa recta?

Explain the difference between an osmoconformer and an osmoregulator, and give an example of each.

Filtration slits are located between adjacent podocytes.

Freshwater fishes excrete most of their nitrogenous wastes through the kidneys.

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste of desert-living animals that can be safely stored?

How do aquatic animals prevent toxic accumulation of ammonia in their tissues?

How is a fall in blood pressure counteracted by the secretion of aldosterone?

What is the significance of having specialized epithelium and smooth muscle in the urinary bladder?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 48-2 Refer to the accompanying figure in terms of a freshwater environment. What is the function of the structure labeled as A?