Question 1

Summarize the mechanics of breathing in humans.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Diaphragm contract

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: After leaving the pharynx, inhaled air passes into this structure.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Trachea and Bronchiole and Nasal cavity and is...

Question 3

Oxygen concentration generally plays an important role in regulating respiration:

Accepted Answer

A)  all the time. 
B)  never. 
C)  only when the carbon dioxide concentration falls markedly. 
D)  only when the oxygen concentration falls markedly. 
E)  only when the pH falls markedly. 
A)  all the time. 
B)  never. 
C)  only when the carbon dioxide concentration falls markedly. 
D)  only when the oxygen concentration falls markedly. 
E)  only when the pH falls markedly.

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: Gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of this structure.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Bronchus and Bronchiole and Nasal cavity and is...

Question 5

Given that the percent nitrogen gas in the air at sea level is 78%, what is the partial pressure of nitrogen gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  78 mm Hg 
B)  100 mm Hg 
C)  167 mm Hg 
D)  593 mm Hg 
E)  780 mm Hg 
A)  78 mm Hg 
B)  100 mm Hg 
C)  167 mm Hg 
D)  593 mm Hg 
E)  780 mm Hg

Question 6

Figure 46-1 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. Which two figures in the accompanying illustration represent inhalation steps of the respiratory cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3 
B)  1 and 2 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  2 and 4 
E)  3 and 4 
A)  1 and 3 
B)  1 and 2 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  2 and 4 
E)  3 and 4

Question 7

Figure 46-1 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure. Place Figures 1-4 in the correct order to represent the two-cycle breathing process of birds.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 
B)  2 → 3 → 4 → 1 
C)  2 → 3 → 1 → 4 
D)  3 → 2 → 1 → 4 
E)  4 → 3 → 2 → 1 
A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 
B)  2 → 3 → 4 → 1 
C)  2 → 3 → 1 → 4 
D)  3 → 2 → 1 → 4 
E)  4 → 3 → 2 → 1

Question 8

In humans, the oxygen concentration of the blood is the most important chemical stimulus for regulating the rate of respiration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Pulmonary surfactant functions by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the cohesive forces of water molecules. 
B)  increasing the surface tension of water. 
C)  moving water across respiratory surfaces. 
D)  preventing the alveoli from expanding. 
E)  increasing the energy required to stretch the lungs. 
A)  increasing the cohesive forces of water molecules. 
B)  increasing the surface tension of water. 
C)  moving water across respiratory surfaces. 
D)  preventing the alveoli from expanding. 
E)  increasing the energy required to stretch the lungs.

Question 10

As part of the diving reflex of seals, the heart rate increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match between columns
                        Premises: Inhaled air passes from the bronchi directly into this structure.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Bronchiole and Pharynx and Larynx and Bronchus is...

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: Gas exchange through a vascular region of the mantle

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Body surface and Tracheal tubes and Gills is...

Question 13

Identify and briefly explain two adaptations of diving marine mammals, such as seals and dolphins.

Accepted Answer

Some adaptations of diving marine mammal

Question 14

The ventilation of insect tracheal tubes is dependent upon the presence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  pores. 
B)  alveoli. 
C)  gills. 
D)  spiracles. 
E)  opercula. 
A)  pores. 
B)  alveoli. 
C)  gills. 
D)  spiracles. 
E)  opercula.

Question 15

In pulmonary emphysema, alveoli lose their elasticity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: There are two branches of this structure.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Bronchus and Bronchiole and Pharynx and Larynx is...

Question 17

Some amphibians:

Accepted Answer

A)  may exchange gases across their body surfaces. 
B)  have fairly simple, book lungs. 
C)  have gills and swim bladders, homologous to those found in fishes. 
D)  are characterized by having parabronchi across which most of the gas exchange occurs. 
E)  have a large oxygen demand that is met by using a countercurrent gas exchange mechanism. 
A)  may exchange gases across their body surfaces. 
B)  have fairly simple, book lungs. 
C)  have gills and swim bladders, homologous to those found in fishes. 
D)  are characterized by having parabronchi across which most of the gas exchange occurs. 
E)  have a large oxygen demand that is met by using a countercurrent gas exchange mechanism.

Question 18

What will happen if a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is added to blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  The level of CO2 in the blood will increase. 
B)  The level of CO2 in the blood will decrease. 
C)  The level of CO2 in the blood will remain the same. 
D)  The pH of the blood will remain the same. 
E)  The pH of the blood will decrease. 
A)  The level of CO2 in the blood will increase. 
B)  The level of CO2 in the blood will decrease. 
C)  The level of CO2 in the blood will remain the same. 
D)  The pH of the blood will remain the same. 
E)  The pH of the blood will decrease.

Question 19

Which of the following is the normal tidal volume in an adult human?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 mL 
B)  10 mL 
C)  50 mL 
D)  100 mL 
E)  500 mL 
A)  1 mL 
B)  10 mL 
C)  50 mL 
D)  100 mL 
E)  500 mL

Question 20

The voice box is also referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  larynx. 
B)  nasal cavity. 
C)  epiglottis. 
D)  pharynx. 
E)  trachea. 
A)  larynx. 
B)  nasal cavity. 
C)  epiglottis. 
D)  pharynx. 
E)  trachea.

Exam 46: Gas Exchange

Summarize the mechanics of breathing in humans.

Oxygen concentration generally plays an important role in regulating respiration:

Given that the percent nitrogen gas in the air at sea level is 78%, what is the partial pressure of nitrogen gas?

Figure 46-1 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. Which two figures in the accompanying illustration represent inhalation steps of the respiratory cycle?

Figure 46-1 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. Place Figures 1-4 in the correct order to represent the two-cycle breathing process of birds.

In humans, the oxygen concentration of the blood is the most important chemical stimulus for regulating the rate of respiration.

Pulmonary surfactant functions by:

As part of the diving reflex of seals, the heart rate increases.

Identify and briefly explain two adaptations of diving marine mammals, such as seals and dolphins.

The ventilation of insect tracheal tubes is dependent upon the presence of:

In pulmonary emphysema, alveoli lose their elasticity.

Some amphibians:

What will happen if a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is added to blood?

Which of the following is the normal tidal volume in an adult human?

The voice box is also referred to as the:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 46-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which two figures in the accompanying illustration represent inhalation steps of the respiratory cycle?

Figure 46-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Place Figures 1-4 in the correct order to represent the two-cycle breathing process of birds.