Question 1

A protein kinase catalyzes the reaction in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein loses a phosphate group. 
B)  a protein is phosphorylated. 
C)  G protein is activated. 
D)  ATP is converted to cAMP. 
E)  GTP is converted to GDP. 
A)  a protein loses a phosphate group. 
B)  a protein is phosphorylated. 
C)  G protein is activated. 
D)  ATP is converted to cAMP. 
E)  GTP is converted to GDP.

Question 2

Give some examples showing how cells respond to signals.How are signals terminated?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Regulation of ion

Question 3

Why is it important for cells to be able to communicate with one another? List the main steps involved in cell signaling.

Accepted Answer

It is important for

Question 4

When signal molecules bind to two tyrosine kinase receptors, the receptors move closer to each other and form a monomer.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When acetylcholine binds its receptor on the surface of a muscle cell, which of the following happens next?

Accepted Answer

A)  G protein is activated. 
B)  Tyrosine kinase is activated. 
C)  Tyrosine is phosphorylated. 
D)  A neurotransmitter crosses the synapse. 
E)  A sodium gate opens. 
A)  G protein is activated. 
B)  Tyrosine kinase is activated. 
C)  Tyrosine is phosphorylated. 
D)  A neurotransmitter crosses the synapse. 
E)  A sodium gate opens.

Question 6

When an enzyme linked receptor is activated, a conformational change activates the extracellular kinases.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is stored in cells of the immune system and released during an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitric oxide 
B)  a growth factor 
C)  histamine 
D)  a prostaglandin 
E)  a neurotransmitter 
A)  nitric oxide 
B)  a growth factor 
C)  histamine 
D)  a prostaglandin 
E)  a neurotransmitter

Question 8

Insulin stimulates cells to take in glucose by facillitated diffusion, so insulin receptor-down regulation increases the ability of cells to take in glucose.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is meant by signal amplification? Give two examples.

Accepted Answer

Signal amplification occurs when a signa

Question 10

The outer part of a G protein receptor binds __________, and its inner part binds __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the signaling molecule; tyrosine kinase 
B)  the signaling molecule; a G protein 
C)  G protein; tyrosine kinase 
D)  G protein; an ion channel 
E)  an ion channel; a G protein 
A)  the signaling molecule; tyrosine kinase 
B)  the signaling molecule; a G protein 
C)  G protein; tyrosine kinase 
D)  G protein; an ion channel 
E)  an ion channel; a G protein

Question 11

Adenylyl cyclase is activated directly by:

Accepted Answer

A)  a G protein subunit bound to GTP. 
B)  a G protein subunit bound to GDP. 
C)  cAMP. 
D)  a protein kinase. 
E)  a hormone. 
A)  a G protein subunit bound to GTP. 
B)  a G protein subunit bound to GDP. 
C)  cAMP. 
D)  a protein kinase. 
E)  a hormone.

Question 12

When a signaling molecule binds to a G protein linked receptor, the ligand-receptor complex associates with GDP protein and causes GDP to be replaced by GTP.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following would most likely diffuse across a synapse?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  NO 
C)  histamine 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  prostaglandins 
A)  insulin 
B)  NO 
C)  histamine 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  prostaglandins

Question 14

Phosphodiesterase catalyzes the conversion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein to a phosphorylated protein. 
B)  GDP to GTP. 
C)  cAMP to AMP. 
D)  IP3 to PIP2. 
E)  calcium to calcium-calmodulin. 
A)  a protein to a phosphorylated protein. 
B)  GDP to GTP. 
C)  cAMP to AMP. 
D)  IP3 to PIP2. 
E)  calcium to calcium-calmodulin.

Question 15

What is calmodulin, and what role does it play in signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

Calmodium is an important Ca+2 binding p

Question 16

What activates protein kinase C?

Accepted Answer

A)  IP3 
B)  DAG 
C)  cAMP 
D)  PIP2 
E)  calcium ions 
A)  IP3 
B)  DAG 
C)  cAMP 
D)  PIP2 
E)  calcium ions

Question 17

Integrins are unusual in that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are steroids. 
B)  are specific transmembrane proteins. 
C)  respond to information received from inside and outside the cell. 
D)  stimulate both the Ras pathway as well as the IP3 pathway. 
E)  are found only in Arabidopsis thaliana. 
A)  are steroids. 
B)  are specific transmembrane proteins. 
C)  respond to information received from inside and outside the cell. 
D)  stimulate both the Ras pathway as well as the IP3 pathway. 
E)  are found only in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Question 18

One difference between the ion channel-linked receptors for GABA and acetylcholine is that when GABA binds its receptor:

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle contraction is inhibited. 
B)  sodium ions enter the cell. 
C)  muscle contraction is stimulated. 
D)  neural signaling is inhibited. 
E)  chloride ions rush out of the neuron. 
A)  muscle contraction is inhibited. 
B)  sodium ions enter the cell. 
C)  muscle contraction is stimulated. 
D)  neural signaling is inhibited. 
E)  chloride ions rush out of the neuron.

Question 19

A molecule that is a first messenger but not a second messenger is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cyclic AMP. 
B)  G protein. 
C)  adenylyl cyclase. 
D)  protein kinase. 
E)  acetylcholine. 
A)  cyclic AMP. 
B)  G protein. 
C)  adenylyl cyclase. 
D)  protein kinase. 
E)  acetylcholine.

Question 20

Calmodulin is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  hormone. 
B)  calcium-binding protein. 
C)  phosphatase. 
D)  protein kinase. 
E)  phospholipase. 
A)  hormone. 
B)  calcium-binding protein. 
C)  phosphatase. 
D)  protein kinase. 
E)  phospholipase.

Exam 6: Cell Communication

A protein kinase catalyzes the reaction in which:

Give some examples showing how cells respond to signals.How are signals terminated?

Why is it important for cells to be able to communicate with one another? List the main steps involved in cell signaling.

When signal molecules bind to two tyrosine kinase receptors, the receptors move closer to each other and form a monomer. __________________

When acetylcholine binds its receptor on the surface of a muscle cell, which of the following happens next?

When an enzyme linked receptor is activated, a conformational change activates the extracellular kinases. __________________

Which of the following is stored in cells of the immune system and released during an allergic reaction?

Insulin stimulates cells to take in glucose by facillitated diffusion, so insulin receptor-down regulation increases the ability of cells to take in glucose. __________________

What is meant by signal amplification? Give two examples.

The outer part of a G protein receptor binds __________, and its inner part binds __________.

Adenylyl cyclase is activated directly by:

When a signaling molecule binds to a G protein linked receptor, the ligand-receptor complex associates with GDP protein and causes GDP to be replaced by GTP. __________________

Which of the following would most likely diffuse across a synapse?

Phosphodiesterase catalyzes the conversion of:

What is calmodulin, and what role does it play in signal transduction?

What activates protein kinase C?

Integrins are unusual in that they:

One difference between the ion channel-linked receptors for GABA and acetylcholine is that when GABA binds its receptor:

A molecule that is a first messenger but not a second messenger is:

Calmodulin is a:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

The outer part of a G protein receptor binds , and its inner part binds .