Question 1

Bacteriophages decrease food safety .
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Mad cow disease is an example of an infection caused by a:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterium. 
B)  bacteriophage. 
C)  retrovirus. 
D)  viroid. 
E)  prion. 
A)  bacterium. 
B)  bacteriophage. 
C)  retrovirus. 
D)  viroid. 
E)  prion.

Question 3

A prophage:

Accepted Answer

A)  is phage DNA that is integrated into viral DNA. 
B)  is phage DNA that is integrated into bacterial DNA. 
C)  replicates only when the eukaryotic cell it infects replicates. 
D)  is an underdeveloped lytic virus. 
E)  is a bacterial cell about to lyse. 
A)  is phage DNA that is integrated into viral DNA. 
B)  is phage DNA that is integrated into bacterial DNA. 
C)  replicates only when the eukaryotic cell it infects replicates. 
D)  is an underdeveloped lytic virus. 
E)  is a bacterial cell about to lyse.

Question 4

Why can measles virus and poxvirus infect many human tissues and influenza virus can infect only one type of tissue?

Accepted Answer

Measles virus and poxvirus hav

Question 5

Viruses have all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  are usually species-specific. 
B)  may have multiple origins. 
C)  are probably related to mobile genetic elements. 
D)  may have escaped from cells. 
E)  have mitochondria 
A)  are usually species-specific. 
B)  may have multiple origins. 
C)  are probably related to mobile genetic elements. 
D)  may have escaped from cells. 
E)  have mitochondria

Question 6

MATCHING
Match the virus group with nucleic acid description
a.ssRNA that can serve as mRNA ; enveloped viruses
d.dsDNA : nonenveloped virus
b.ssRNA enveloped viruses;contains reverse transcriptase for transcription of RNA into DNA; two identical molecules ssRNA
e.dsDNA: large complex enveloped virus virus; replicates in host nucleus
c.ssRNA that serves as template for mRNA synthesis ; medium sized enveloped that often exhibit projecting spikes
-Orthomyxoviruses

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the virus group with nucleic acid...

Question 7

Prions induce normal Prp on the surface of brain cells to misfold into an insoluble form and cause brain damage.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Viral proteins can damage host cells by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the rate of fermentation within the host. 
B)  producing endotoxins. 
C)  causing a decline in coordination and increased irritability. 
D)  preventing transcription of viral nucleic acids. 
E)  overwhelming the host cell with a large number of viruses. 
A)  increasing the rate of fermentation within the host. 
B)  producing endotoxins. 
C)  causing a decline in coordination and increased irritability. 
D)  preventing transcription of viral nucleic acids. 
E)  overwhelming the host cell with a large number of viruses.

Question 9

The protein coat of a virus is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  capsule. 
B)  capsid. 
C)  exospore. 
D)  phage. 
E)  pilus. 
A)  capsule. 
B)  capsid. 
C)  exospore. 
D)  phage. 
E)  pilus.

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the virus group with nucleic acid description
a.ssRNA that can serve as mRNA ; enveloped viruses
d.dsDNA : nonenveloped virus
b.ssRNA enveloped viruses;contains reverse transcriptase for transcription of RNA into DNA; two identical molecules ssRNA
e.dsDNA: large complex enveloped virus virus; replicates in host nucleus
c.ssRNA that serves as template for mRNA synthesis ; medium sized enveloped that often exhibit projecting spikes
-Retroviruses

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the virus group with nucleic acid...

Question 11

__________ is credited with the discovery of prions as a new biological principle of infection.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Prusiner 
B)  Anton van Leeuwenhoek 
C)  Dmitrii Ivanowsky 
D)  Stanley Brenner 
E)  Carl Woese 
A)  Stanley Prusiner 
B)  Anton van Leeuwenhoek 
C)  Dmitrii Ivanowsky 
D)  Stanley Brenner 
E)  Carl Woese

Question 12

The genomes of most plant viruses consist of single stranded DNA.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Bacteriophages attach to the cell walls of bacteria by envelope proteins.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Retroviruses have a DNA polymerase called reverse transcriptase which transcribes the RNA genome into a DNA intermediate.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Viruses were first identified:

Accepted Answer

A)  because they caused an infection and formed colonies on nutrient agar plates. 
B)  because they were seen in the light microscope. 
C)  because they caused an infection and were small enough to pass through filters that trapped bacteria. 
D)  because they were smaller than bacteria and had all the properties of living organisms. 
E)  because they caused an infection and were seen in the electron microscope. 
A)  because they caused an infection and formed colonies on nutrient agar plates. 
B)  because they were seen in the light microscope. 
C)  because they caused an infection and were small enough to pass through filters that trapped bacteria. 
D)  because they were smaller than bacteria and had all the properties of living organisms. 
E)  because they caused an infection and were seen in the electron microscope.

Question 16

The agent that causes hepatitis D is a viroid that can only reproduce when the hepatitis B virus is also present.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Bacteria protect themselves from bacteriophage infections by producing restriction enzymes that cut up foreign RNA of the phage.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

MATCHING
Match the virus group with nucleic acid description
a.ssRNA that can serve as mRNA ; enveloped viruses
d.dsDNA : nonenveloped virus
b.ssRNA enveloped viruses;contains reverse transcriptase for transcription of RNA into DNA; two identical molecules ssRNA
e.dsDNA: large complex enveloped virus virus; replicates in host nucleus
c.ssRNA that serves as template for mRNA synthesis ; medium sized enveloped that often exhibit projecting spikes
-Discuss and compare the hypotheses for the evolution of viruses

Accepted Answer

CONCEPTS TO CONSIDER: Celllular orgin hy

Question 19

Viral infections in humans spread via the circulatory system.Viral infections in plants spread from cell to cell via:

Accepted Answer

A)  endocytosis. 
B)  plasmodesmata. 
C)  infected seeds. 
D)  pili. 
E)  transformation. 
A)  endocytosis. 
B)  plasmodesmata. 
C)  infected seeds. 
D)  pili. 
E)  transformation.

Question 20

The bacterium that causes botulism disease is harmless until it:

Accepted Answer

A)  is infected by lytic bacteria. 
B)  is infected by certain retroviruses. 
C)  contains a certain prophage DNA. 
D)  is irradiated by UV radiation. 
E)  is infected by prions. 
A)  is infected by lytic bacteria. 
B)  is infected by certain retroviruses. 
C)  contains a certain prophage DNA. 
D)  is irradiated by UV radiation. 
E)  is infected by prions.

Exam 24: Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteriophages decrease food safety . ____________________

Mad cow disease is an example of an infection caused by a:

A prophage:

Why can measles virus and poxvirus infect many human tissues and influenza virus can infect only one type of tissue?

Viruses have all the following EXCEPT

Prions induce normal Prp on the surface of brain cells to misfold into an insoluble form and cause brain damage. ____________________

Viral proteins can damage host cells by:

The protein coat of a virus is called the:

__________ is credited with the discovery of prions as a new biological principle of infection.

The genomes of most plant viruses consist of single stranded DNA. ____________________

Bacteriophages attach to the cell walls of bacteria by envelope proteins. ____________________

Retroviruses have a DNA polymerase called reverse transcriptase which transcribes the RNA genome into a DNA intermediate. ____________________

Viruses were first identified:

The agent that causes hepatitis D is a viroid that can only reproduce when the hepatitis B virus is also present. ____________________

Bacteria protect themselves from bacteriophage infections by producing restriction enzymes that cut up foreign RNA of the phage. ____________________

Viral infections in humans spread via the circulatory system.Viral infections in plants spread from cell to cell via:

The bacterium that causes botulism disease is harmless until it:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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