Question 1

__________ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Capsids 
B)  Endospores 
C)  Exotoxins 
D)  Endotoxins 
E)  Heterocysts 
A)  Capsids 
B)  Endospores 
C)  Exotoxins 
D)  Endotoxins 
E)  Heterocysts

Question 2

Figure 25-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Gram-positive bacteria would stain __________ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of __________ in their cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A)  green; peptidoglycan 
B)  purple; peptidoglycan 
C)  green; cellulose 
D)  purple; polysaccharides 
E)  red; polysaccharides 
A)  green; peptidoglycan 
B)  purple; peptidoglycan 
C)  green; cellulose 
D)  purple; polysaccharides 
E)  red; polysaccharides

Question 3

__________ are Archaea that are typically found in abnormally hot environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Extreme halophiles 
B)  Extreme thermophiles 
C)  Pyrrhanogens 
D)  Methanogens 
E)  Psychrophiles 
A)  Extreme halophiles 
B)  Extreme thermophiles 
C)  Pyrrhanogens 
D)  Methanogens 
E)  Psychrophiles

Question 4

Prokaryotes have their genetic information stored in:

Accepted Answer

A)  several small, circular pieces of DNA. 
B)  a single, small, circular piece of DNA. 
C)  a large, linear piece of DNA. 
D)  several small, linear pieces of DNA. 
E)  a large, circular piece of DNA. 
A)  several small, circular pieces of DNA. 
B)  a single, small, circular piece of DNA. 
C)  a large, linear piece of DNA. 
D)  several small, linear pieces of DNA. 
E)  a large, circular piece of DNA.

Question 5

In transduction, two prokaryotic cells of different mating types come together and genetic material is transferred from one cell to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are formed by bacteria living in a watery environment. 
B)  They enable bacteria to attach to solid surfaces. 
C)  They are usually less than 2 $\mu$m thick. 
D)  An example is dental plaque. 
E)  They may develop on surgical implants. 
A)  They are formed by bacteria living in a watery environment. 
B)  They enable bacteria to attach to solid surfaces. 
C)  They are usually less than 2 $\mu$m thick. 
D)  An example is dental plaque. 
E)  They may develop on surgical implants.

Question 7

Penicillin works most effectively against gram-positive bacteria because:

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin affects cell membranes. 
B)  they have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and penicillin affects the synthesis of peptidoglycans. 
C)  they have special protein channels that allow penicillin to enter the cell and halt the cell cycle. 
D)  they are smaller than gram-negative bacteria and, thus, easily take up penicillin by diffusion. 
E)  they contain prophages that negatively interact with penicillin. 
A)  penicillin affects cell membranes. 
B)  they have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and penicillin affects the synthesis of peptidoglycans. 
C)  they have special protein channels that allow penicillin to enter the cell and halt the cell cycle. 
D)  they are smaller than gram-negative bacteria and, thus, easily take up penicillin by diffusion. 
E)  they contain prophages that negatively interact with penicillin.

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning an F factor is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is found in recipient cells, not donor cells. 
B)  It is a DNA sequence. 
C)  It is found in F+ cells. 
D)  The F stands for fertility. 
E)  It is involved with forming sex pili. 
A)  It is found in recipient cells, not donor cells. 
B)  It is a DNA sequence. 
C)  It is found in F+ cells. 
D)  The F stands for fertility. 
E)  It is involved with forming sex pili.

Question 9

Bacteriad chemoautotrophs use organic chemicals as an energy source.
____________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the group of bacteria with the description
a.resemble fungi
d.lack cell walls
b.waxy cell wall
e.contain chlorophyll
c.lack proteoglycan in cell walls
-Mycobacteria

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the group of bacteria with the...

Question 11

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

Accepted Answer

A)  binary fission. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  transduction. 
D)  conjugation. 
E)  mitosis. 
A)  binary fission. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  transduction. 
D)  conjugation. 
E)  mitosis.

Question 12

Koch's postulates include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  when a sample of a pure culture is injected into a healthy host, it causes the same disease. 
B)  a sample of the microorganism from a diseased host can be grown in pure culture. 
C)  the microorganism can be recovered from an experimentally infected host. 
D)  the microorganism must be visible in the electron microscope. 
E)  the pathogen must be present in every individual with the disease. 
A)  when a sample of a pure culture is injected into a healthy host, it causes the same disease. 
B)  a sample of the microorganism from a diseased host can be grown in pure culture. 
C)  the microorganism can be recovered from an experimentally infected host. 
D)  the microorganism must be visible in the electron microscope. 
E)  the pathogen must be present in every individual with the disease.

Question 13

MATCHING
Match the group of bacteria with the description
a.resemble fungi
d.lack cell walls
b.waxy cell wall
e.contain chlorophyll
c.lack proteoglycan in cell walls
-Cyanobacteria

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the group of bacteria with the...

Question 14

The dense cytoplasm of the prokaryote contains ribosomes and storage granules.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Gram-negative cell walls have an outer membrane that contains lipids and peptidoglycans.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The walls of bacteria contain peptidoglycan, which is:

Accepted Answer

A)  lipids crosslinked with sugars. 
B)  sugars crosslinked with proteins. 
C)  a protein. 
D)  a lipid. 
E)  a polysaccharide. 
A)  lipids crosslinked with sugars. 
B)  sugars crosslinked with proteins. 
C)  a protein. 
D)  a lipid. 
E)  a polysaccharide.

Question 17

Most bacteria are:

Accepted Answer

A)  photoheterotrophs. 
B)  chemoheterotrophs. 
C)  autotrophs. 
D)  heterotrophs. 
E)  chemoautotrophs. 
A)  photoheterotrophs. 
B)  chemoheterotrophs. 
C)  autotrophs. 
D)  heterotrophs. 
E)  chemoautotrophs.

Question 18

A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  photoautotroph. 
B)  parasite. 
C)  saprotroph. 
D)  chemoautotroph. 
E)  pathogen. 
A)  photoautotroph. 
B)  parasite. 
C)  saprotroph. 
D)  chemoautotroph. 
E)  pathogen.

Question 19

The most familiar prokaryotes belong to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungi. 
B)  Archaea. 
C)  Protista. 
D)  Bacteria. 
E)  Viroids. 
A)  Fungi. 
B)  Archaea. 
C)  Protista. 
D)  Bacteria. 
E)  Viroids.

Question 20

The Archaea differ from the Bacteria and eukaryotes by having different __________ in their cell membranes, but the Archaea are similar to eukaryotes in their __________ process.

Accepted Answer

A)  sugars; replication 
B)  sugars; transcription 
C)  lipids; replication 
D)  lipids; translation 
E)  proteins; transcription 
A)  sugars; replication 
B)  sugars; transcription 
C)  lipids; replication 
D)  lipids; translation 
E)  proteins; transcription

Exam 25: Bacteria and Archaea

__________ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions.

Figure 25-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Gram-positive bacteria would stain __________ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of __________ in their cell walls.

__________ are Archaea that are typically found in abnormally hot environments.

Prokaryotes have their genetic information stored in:

In transduction, two prokaryotic cells of different mating types come together and genetic material is transferred from one cell to another.

Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is FALSE?

Penicillin works most effectively against gram-positive bacteria because:

Which of the following statements concerning an F factor is FALSE?

Bacteriad chemoautotrophs use organic chemicals as an energy source. ____________

MATCHING Match the group of bacteria with the description a.resemble fungi d.lack cell walls b.waxy cell wall e.contain chlorophyll c.lack proteoglycan in cell walls -Mycobacteria

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

Koch's postulates include all the following except:

MATCHING Match the group of bacteria with the description a.resemble fungi d.lack cell walls b.waxy cell wall e.contain chlorophyll c.lack proteoglycan in cell walls -Cyanobacteria

The dense cytoplasm of the prokaryote contains ribosomes and storage granules. ____________________

Gram-negative cell walls have an outer membrane that contains lipids and peptidoglycans. ____________________

The walls of bacteria contain peptidoglycan, which is:

Most bacteria are:

A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a:

The most familiar prokaryotes belong to the:

The Archaea differ from the Bacteria and eukaryotes by having different __________ in their cell membranes, but the Archaea are similar to eukaryotes in their __________ process.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 25-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Gram-positive bacteria would stain in a gram stain because of a thick layer of in their cell walls.

The Archaea differ from the Bacteria and eukaryotes by having different in their cell membranes, but the Archaea are similar to eukaryotes in their process.