Question 1

In mammals, the __________ is a temporary center for the formation of blood cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  amnion 
B)  allantois 
C)  yolk sac 
D)  chorion 
E)  archenterons 
A)  amnion 
B)  allantois 
C)  yolk sac 
D)  chorion 
E)  archenterons

Question 2

Human chorionic gonadotropin signals the placenta to produce large amounts of estrogen and progesterone.
___________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Programmed cell death is called apoptosis.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Figure 51-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-The structure labeled 2 in Figure 51-1 is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  endoderm layer. 
B)  mesoderm layer. 
C)  blastopore. 
D)  blastocoel. 
E)  archenteron. 
A)  endoderm layer. 
B)  mesoderm layer. 
C)  blastopore. 
D)  blastocoel. 
E)  archenteron.

Question 5

The fertilization envelope forms during the acrosomal reaction.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Figure 51-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-The developing embryo in Figure 51-2 is representative of development in:

Accepted Answer

A)  a bird. 
B)  an annelid. 
C)  a sea star. 
D)  a frog. 
E)  a mammal. 
A)  a bird. 
B)  an annelid. 
C)  a sea star. 
D)  a frog. 
E)  a mammal.

Question 7

Dizygotic twins are also called fraternal twins.
___________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

Accepted Answer

A)  heroin-premature births and low birth weight 
B)  thalidomide-babies born without toes 
C)  accutane-associated with malformations of the brain 
D)  cocaine-constricts fetal arteries, which leads to retarded development 
E)  cigarette smoking-an addiction to nicotine 
A)  heroin-premature births and low birth weight 
B)  thalidomide-babies born without toes 
C)  accutane-associated with malformations of the brain 
D)  cocaine-constricts fetal arteries, which leads to retarded development 
E)  cigarette smoking-an addiction to nicotine

Question 9

The principle of nuclear equivalence states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  developing cells become specialized to carry out specific functions. 
B)  developing cells follow particular differentiation pathways. 
C)  there is no loss of genetic information through determination or differentiation. 
D)  differential gene expression is responsible for variation among cells. 
E)  nuclear changes can take place during the entire life of an individual. 
A)  developing cells become specialized to carry out specific functions. 
B)  developing cells follow particular differentiation pathways. 
C)  there is no loss of genetic information through determination or differentiation. 
D)  differential gene expression is responsible for variation among cells. 
E)  nuclear changes can take place during the entire life of an individual.

Question 10

The first breath of the neonate is initiated by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  passage through the birth canal. 
B)  removal of amniotic fluid from its mouth. 
C)  accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
D)  detection of light by its visual receptors. 
E)  increase in oxygen concentration in the lungs. 
A)  passage through the birth canal. 
B)  removal of amniotic fluid from its mouth. 
C)  accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. 
D)  detection of light by its visual receptors. 
E)  increase in oxygen concentration in the lungs.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about sperm entry is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fertilization cone formed by microvilli of the egg membrane contracts and draws the sperm inward. 
B)  The egg phagocytizes the acrosome of the sperm so it can enter the cell. 
C)  The cilia on the egg membrane beat and sweep the sperm inside. 
D)  The sperm releases calcium ions, which make the egg membrane permeable to its entry. 
E)  The egg secretes bindin protein, which allows sperm penetration. 
A)  The fertilization cone formed by microvilli of the egg membrane contracts and draws the sperm inward. 
B)  The egg phagocytizes the acrosome of the sperm so it can enter the cell. 
C)  The cilia on the egg membrane beat and sweep the sperm inside. 
D)  The sperm releases calcium ions, which make the egg membrane permeable to its entry. 
E)  The egg secretes bindin protein, which allows sperm penetration.

Question 12

Which of the following structures is the last to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  neural tube 
B)  neural groove 
C)  neural crest 
D)  neural folds 
E)  neural plate 
A)  neural tube 
B)  neural groove 
C)  neural crest 
D)  neural folds 
E)  neural plate

Question 13

MATCHING
Match the stage of embryonic development with its description.
a.blastula
c.morula
b.gastrula
d.stage of organogenesis
-the formation of a primitive groove begins this stage

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the stage of embryonic development with...

Question 14

Figure 51-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Which of the stages or structures in Figure 51-1 was formed by the process of gastrulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  f 
C)  g 
D)  3 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  f 
C)  g 
D)  3 
E)  5

Question 15

Which of the following is not an extraembryonic membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  yolk sac 
B)  somite 
C)  chorion 
D)  amnion 
E)  allantois 
A)  yolk sac 
B)  somite 
C)  chorion 
D)  amnion 
E)  allantois

Question 16

The chorion is the extraembryonic membrane closest to the embryo proper.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The gray crescent region of the amphibian zygote is thought to contain:

Accepted Answer

A)  growth factors and developmental determinants. 
B)  hormones and ribosomes. 
C)  yolk and dark pigment granules. 
D)  mitochondria and ribosomes. 
E)  neurotransmitters and hormones. 
A)  growth factors and developmental determinants. 
B)  hormones and ribosomes. 
C)  yolk and dark pigment granules. 
D)  mitochondria and ribosomes. 
E)  neurotransmitters and hormones.

Question 18

The release of calcium ions into the egg cytoplasm during fertilization causes all of the following actions except:

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in aerobic respiration. 
B)  onset of the cortical reaction. 
C)  inhibition of acrosomal enzymes. 
D)  activation of protein synthesis. 
E)  onset of a slow block to polyspermy. 
A)  an increase in aerobic respiration. 
B)  onset of the cortical reaction. 
C)  inhibition of acrosomal enzymes. 
D)  activation of protein synthesis. 
E)  onset of a slow block to polyspermy.

Question 19

Figure 51-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Refer to Figure 51-2.Which structure will form the blastocoel?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 20

Which of the following indicates the correct sequence of mammalian egg coverings, beginning at the outside and moving inward?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma membrane, jelly coat, zona pellucida 
B)  zona pellucida, vitelline envelope, plasma membrane 
C)  vitelline envelope, plasma membrane, jelly coat 
D)  granulosa cells, zona pellucida, plasma membrane 
E)  zona pellucida, granulosa cells, plasma membrane 
A)  plasma membrane, jelly coat, zona pellucida 
B)  zona pellucida, vitelline envelope, plasma membrane 
C)  vitelline envelope, plasma membrane, jelly coat 
D)  granulosa cells, zona pellucida, plasma membrane 
E)  zona pellucida, granulosa cells, plasma membrane

Exam 51: Animal Development

In mammals, the __________ is a temporary center for the formation of blood cells.

Human chorionic gonadotropin signals the placenta to produce large amounts of estrogen and progesterone. ___________________

Programmed cell death is called apoptosis. ____________________

Figure 51-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -The structure labeled 2 in Figure 51-1 is the:

The fertilization envelope forms during the acrosomal reaction. ____________________

Figure 51-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -The developing embryo in Figure 51-2 is representative of development in:

Dizygotic twins are also called fraternal twins. ___________________

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

The principle of nuclear equivalence states that:

The first breath of the neonate is initiated by the:

Which of the following statements about sperm entry is true?

Which of the following structures is the last to develop?

MATCHING Match the stage of embryonic development with its description. a.blastula c.morula b.gastrula d.stage of organogenesis -the formation of a primitive groove begins this stage

Figure 51-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Which of the stages or structures in Figure 51-1 was formed by the process of gastrulation?

Which of the following is not an extraembryonic membrane?

The chorion is the extraembryonic membrane closest to the embryo proper. ____________________

The gray crescent region of the amphibian zygote is thought to contain:

The release of calcium ions into the egg cytoplasm during fertilization causes all of the following actions except:

Figure 51-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Refer to Figure 51-2.Which structure will form the blastocoel?

Which of the following indicates the correct sequence of mammalian egg coverings, beginning at the outside and moving inward?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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