Question 1

All of the following problems are direct results of human impact on the nitrogen cycle except:

Accepted Answer

A)  photochemical smog. 
B)  global warming. 
C)  acid rain. 
D)  El Niño-Southern Oscillation events. 
E)  depletion of the ozone layer. 
A)  photochemical smog. 
B)  global warming. 
C)  acid rain. 
D)  El Niño-Southern Oscillation events. 
E)  depletion of the ozone layer.

Question 2

What is an ENSO event and what conditions contribute to its occurrence? What effect does an ENSO event have on the global environment, and how does it manage to have such far-reaching impacts?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: ENSO events result

Question 3

Approximately what proportion of the radiant energy entering an ecosystem is used in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  1% 
B)  4% 
C)  10% 
D)  50% 
E)  75% 
A)  1% 
B)  4% 
C)  10% 
D)  50% 
E)  75%

Question 4

One element that does not cycle into the atmosphere is phosphorus.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning decomposers is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They act with detritivores to break down and recycle organic matter. 
B)  They are microbial heterotrophs. 
C)  They include bacteria but not fungi. 
D)  They use the products of decomposition to supply themselves with energy. 
E)  They are also called saprotrophs. 
A)  They act with detritivores to break down and recycle organic matter. 
B)  They are microbial heterotrophs. 
C)  They include bacteria but not fungi. 
D)  They use the products of decomposition to supply themselves with energy. 
E)  They are also called saprotrophs.

Question 6

The primary reason that Earth experiences seasons is because of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Earth's rotation. 
B)  Earth's orbit. 
C)  Earth's tilt on its axis. 
D)  unequal thickness of the Earth's atmosphere. 
E)  different layers of the Earth's atmosphere. 
A)  Earth's rotation. 
B)  Earth's orbit. 
C)  Earth's tilt on its axis. 
D)  unequal thickness of the Earth's atmosphere. 
E)  different layers of the Earth's atmosphere.

Question 7

Describe the five steps of the nitrogen cycle.Include the bacteria and other organisms that are involved in each step.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Nitrogen is fixed

Question 8

Which of the following does not represent a form of energy that can commonly be found in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  work, such as reproduction 
B)  ATP 
C)  heat 
D)  ammonia 
E)  glucose 
A)  work, such as reproduction 
B)  ATP 
C)  heat 
D)  ammonia 
E)  glucose

Question 9

Bacterial decomposition of organic nitrogen results in the production of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  nitrates. 
C)  nitrites. 
D)  atmospheric nitrogen. 
E)  urea. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  nitrates. 
C)  nitrites. 
D)  atmospheric nitrogen. 
E)  urea.

Question 10

Algae and cyanobacteria are examples of primary producers.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Select the false statement:

Accepted Answer

A)  Biomass reduction from one trophic level to the next is approximately 50 %. 
B)  Biomass reduction from one trophic level to the next varies widely in nature. 
C)  Biomass reduction can be measured as dry weight. 
D)  Biomass may be measured as live weight. 
E)  Biomass in an ecosystem can be illustrated using a pyramidal-shaped graph. 
A)  Biomass reduction from one trophic level to the next is approximately 50 %. 
B)  Biomass reduction from one trophic level to the next varies widely in nature. 
C)  Biomass reduction can be measured as dry weight. 
D)  Biomass may be measured as live weight. 
E)  Biomass in an ecosystem can be illustrated using a pyramidal-shaped graph.

Question 12

El Niño-Southern Oscillation has resulted in:

Accepted Answer

A)  global weather changes. 
B)  increases in the fish populations off South America. 
C)  cooling of surface waters of the East Pacific. 
D)  upwelling in many places. 
E)  global warming. 
A)  global weather changes. 
B)  increases in the fish populations off South America. 
C)  cooling of surface waters of the East Pacific. 
D)  upwelling in many places. 
E)  global warming.

Question 13

Which of the following statements reflects a key concept about ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Matter moves linearly through different systems, both abiotic and biotic, within an ecosystem. 
B)  There is a one-way flow of energy through the food webs of ecosystems. 
C)  Conservation should focus on the success and survival of individual species. 
D)  The abiotic environment does not influence the distribution and survival of particular organisms. 
E)  Heat energy can be used by organisms for their daily activities. 
A)  Matter moves linearly through different systems, both abiotic and biotic, within an ecosystem. 
B)  There is a one-way flow of energy through the food webs of ecosystems. 
C)  Conservation should focus on the success and survival of individual species. 
D)  The abiotic environment does not influence the distribution and survival of particular organisms. 
E)  Heat energy can be used by organisms for their daily activities.

Question 14

The Coriolis effect results in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  rising of air at the equator. 
B)  falling of air near the poles. 
C)  deflection of moving air due to the rotation of Earth. 
D)  altitudinal variations in temperature. 
E)  release of heat once radiation strikes the Earth's surface.. 
A)  rising of air at the equator. 
B)  falling of air near the poles. 
C)  deflection of moving air due to the rotation of Earth. 
D)  altitudinal variations in temperature. 
E)  release of heat once radiation strikes the Earth's surface..

Question 15

Figure 55-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-The distribution in Figure 55-1 could be inverted:

Accepted Answer

A)  if the producers had a high rate of productivity and reproduction, coupled with intense predation. 
B)  if the rate of biomass production of the primary consumers is greater than that of the producers. 
C)  if the rate of productivity of the primary consumers is greater than the primary productivity. 
D)  if the standing biomass of the producers is greater than the biomass of all of the consumers. 
E)  only under artificial or laboratory conditions. 
A)  if the producers had a high rate of productivity and reproduction, coupled with intense predation. 
B)  if the rate of biomass production of the primary consumers is greater than that of the producers. 
C)  if the rate of productivity of the primary consumers is greater than the primary productivity. 
D)  if the standing biomass of the producers is greater than the biomass of all of the consumers. 
E)  only under artificial or laboratory conditions.

Question 16

An herbivore occupies the third trophic level.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

MATCHING
Match the component of the nitrogen cycle with its description.
a.assimilation
c.nitrification
b.denitrification
d.nitrogen fixation
-the process by which roots incorporate nitrogen into proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the component of the nitrogen cycle...

Question 18

Gross primary productivity is the rate of photosynthesis minus the rate of plant respiration.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The sun's energy is produced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear fission reactions. 
B)  nuclear fusion reactions. 
C)  electromagnetic radiation. 
D)  ultraviolet radiation. 
E)  infrared radiation. 
A)  nuclear fission reactions. 
B)  nuclear fusion reactions. 
C)  electromagnetic radiation. 
D)  ultraviolet radiation. 
E)  infrared radiation.

Question 20

The organisms occupying the base of a pyramid of energy are autotrophs.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 55: Ecosystems and the Biosphere

All of the following problems are direct results of human impact on the nitrogen cycle except:

What is an ENSO event and what conditions contribute to its occurrence? What effect does an ENSO event have on the global environment, and how does it manage to have such far-reaching impacts?

Approximately what proportion of the radiant energy entering an ecosystem is used in photosynthesis?

One element that does not cycle into the atmosphere is phosphorus. ____________________

Which of the following statements concerning decomposers is false?

The primary reason that Earth experiences seasons is because of the:

Describe the five steps of the nitrogen cycle.Include the bacteria and other organisms that are involved in each step.

Which of the following does not represent a form of energy that can commonly be found in an ecosystem?

Bacterial decomposition of organic nitrogen results in the production of:

Algae and cyanobacteria are examples of primary producers. ____________________

Select the false statement:

El Niño-Southern Oscillation has resulted in:

Which of the following statements reflects a key concept about ecosystems?

The Coriolis effect results in the:

Figure 55-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -The distribution in Figure 55-1 could be inverted:

An herbivore occupies the third trophic level. ____________________

MATCHING Match the component of the nitrogen cycle with its description. a.assimilation c.nitrification b.denitrification d.nitrogen fixation -the process by which roots incorporate nitrogen into proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll

Gross primary productivity is the rate of photosynthesis minus the rate of plant respiration. ____________________

The sun's energy is produced by:

The organisms occupying the base of a pyramid of energy are autotrophs. ____________________

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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