Question 1

Collection of specimen samples from places on or in the body that contain normal flora usually requires

Accepted Answer

A)  initial plating on nonselective media. 
B)  direct Gram staining. 
C)  initial plating on selective media. 
D)  direct PCR identification. 
E)  immunofluorescent staining. 
A)  initial plating on nonselective media. 
B)  direct Gram staining. 
C)  initial plating on selective media. 
D)  direct PCR identification. 
E)  immunofluorescent staining.

Question 2

How have changes within our human culture caused new diseases to emerge? Explain your answer using a specific example that supports your statements.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Many new diseases hav

Question 3

A bacterial diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium in a sputum sample from an AIDS patient would be best determined by which method?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood agar culture 
B)  acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen) staining 
C)  MacConkey agar culture 
D)  Gram staining 
E)  bacitracin susceptibility 
A)  blood agar culture 
B)  acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen) staining 
C)  MacConkey agar culture 
D)  Gram staining 
E)  bacitracin susceptibility

Question 4

Collaborators necessary to solve and control a human epidemic include

Accepted Answer

A)  epidemiologists. 
B)  ecologists. 
C)  veterinarians. 
D)  scientists. 
E)  epidemiologists, ecologists, veterinarians, and scientists. 
A)  epidemiologists. 
B)  ecologists. 
C)  veterinarians. 
D)  scientists. 
E)  epidemiologists, ecologists, veterinarians, and scientists.

Question 5

Symptoms of headache, fever, stiff neck, and confusion in combination with mosquito bites can indicate which viral infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ebola 
B)  West Nile 
C)  influenza 
D)  rabies 
E)  HIV 
A)  Ebola 
B)  West Nile 
C)  influenza 
D)  rabies 
E)  HIV

Question 6

An abscess caused by the anaerobic species Clostridium perfringens would best be collected and transported by

Accepted Answer

A)  aspiration into an oxygen-filled tube. 
B)  swabbing onto blood agar media. 
C)  aspiration into a nitrogen-filled tube. 
D)  draining with a catheter. 
E)  draining into a syringe. 
A)  aspiration into an oxygen-filled tube. 
B)  swabbing onto blood agar media. 
C)  aspiration into a nitrogen-filled tube. 
D)  draining with a catheter. 
E)  draining into a syringe.

Question 7

Describe the general protocol used to diagnose a patient with a Salmonella typhimurium infection (from collection to testing).

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. A patient with a Salm

Question 8

Bubonic plague is endemic in many countries in Africa and in the former Soviet Union. This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  plague was once a huge problem and has now evolved to not cause infection. 
B)  plague has been eradicated from these areas. 
C)  large numbers of people are infected in these areas and it is spreading. 
D)  the disease is always present in the population at a low frequency. 
E)  human-to-human contact transfers plague. 
A)  plague was once a huge problem and has now evolved to not cause infection. 
B)  plague has been eradicated from these areas. 
C)  large numbers of people are infected in these areas and it is spreading. 
D)  the disease is always present in the population at a low frequency. 
E)  human-to-human contact transfers plague.

Question 9

How does a multiplex PCR reaction differ from a traditional PCR detection method? In addition, describe an example of how multiplex can be used in diagnostics.

Accepted Answer

Traditional PCR uses primers that bind t

Question 10

In determining the bacterial etiology of a patient with an infection, the first laboratory test should be what, and why? What type of testing would then follow?

Accepted Answer

After isolation of a pure bacterial colo

Question 11

Why are clinical viral diseases more challenging to diagnose than are clinical bacterial diseases?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Clinical viral diseas

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of newer clinical techniques compared to conventional techniques that require culturing?

Accepted Answer

A)  The new techniques require no special equipment or training. 
B)  They require less time since bacteria do not have to grow. 
C)  Some of the newer techniques can be quantitated. 
D)  Some newer molecular techniques can be applied to viruses and unculturable bacteria. 
E)  They may rely on the presence of DNA, RNA, antigens or other proteins, and antibodies for detection of the pathogen. 
A)  The new techniques require no special equipment or training. 
B)  They require less time since bacteria do not have to grow. 
C)  Some of the newer techniques can be quantitated. 
D)  Some newer molecular techniques can be applied to viruses and unculturable bacteria. 
E)  They may rely on the presence of DNA, RNA, antigens or other proteins, and antibodies for detection of the pathogen.

Question 13

Once cultured, bacteria from septic infections or urine can be quickly identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. What is this technique and how does it work?

Accepted Answer

MALDI-TOF-MS stands for matrix-associate

Question 14

Looking at the laboratory results presented here, what three interpretations can be made?
 $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | } 
\hline & \text { Colony 1 } & \text { Colany 2 } & \text { Colony 3 } \
\hline \text { Growth an blood agar } & \text { Grawth } & \text { Growth } & \text { Growth } \
\hline \text { Grawth an CNA agar } & \text { Growth } & \text { Na rowth } & \text { Growth } \
\hline \text { Growth an MacCankey agar } & \text { Na growth } & \text { Growth } & \text { Slight erowth } \
\hline
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

Many different interpretations are possi

Question 15

Shigella sonnei is the cause of an infection commonly seen in infant day-care facilities due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a high prevalence of the microbe in young children. 
B)  its ability to contaminate and grow on plastic toys. 
C)  its inherent antimicrobial nature (it is bleach and cleaning-product resistant). 
D)  diaper changes and hands not being properly washed. 
E)  Gram-positive cell wall structure making the bacteria environmentally resistant. 
A)  a high prevalence of the microbe in young children. 
B)  its ability to contaminate and grow on plastic toys. 
C)  its inherent antimicrobial nature (it is bleach and cleaning-product resistant). 
D)  diaper changes and hands not being properly washed. 
E)  Gram-positive cell wall structure making the bacteria environmentally resistant.

Question 16

The cause of the infection from which a patient suffers is best known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  clinical agent. 
B)  etiological agent. 
C)  pathogenic culprit. 
D)  epidemiological agent. 
E)  antibiotic menace. 
A)  clinical agent. 
B)  etiological agent. 
C)  pathogenic culprit. 
D)  epidemiological agent. 
E)  antibiotic menace.

Question 17

Describe what the One Health Initiative is and the role it played in the 2006 outbreak of food-borne O157:H7 in spinach.

Accepted Answer

Ecology influences epidemiology and evol

Question 18

Catheterization would be an appropriate method of microbial collection for

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae (lung infection). 
B)  Escherichia coli (UTI infection). 
C)  Shigella dysenteriae (GI infection). 
D)  Propionibacterium acnes (skin infection). 
E)  Helicobacter pylori (stomach infection). 
A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae (lung infection). 
B)  Escherichia coli (UTI infection). 
C)  Shigella dysenteriae (GI infection). 
D)  Propionibacterium acnes (skin infection). 
E)  Helicobacter pylori (stomach infection).

Question 19

Compare and contrast the use of point-of-care rapid tests as diagnostic methods in doctors' offices.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary.
· Advantages: culturin

Question 20

Point-of-care diagnostics are advantageous for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  culturing is not required. 
B)  therapy can begin sooner. 
C)  patient compliance is improved. 
D)  antibiotics can be prescribed more effectively. 
E)  lower risk of spreading infection. 
A)  culturing is not required. 
B)  therapy can begin sooner. 
C)  patient compliance is improved. 
D)  antibiotics can be prescribed more effectively. 
E)  lower risk of spreading infection.

Exam 28: Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Collection of specimen samples from places on or in the body that contain normal flora usually requires

How have changes within our human culture caused new diseases to emerge? Explain your answer using a specific example that supports your statements.

A bacterial diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium in a sputum sample from an AIDS patient would be best determined by which method?

Collaborators necessary to solve and control a human epidemic include

Symptoms of headache, fever, stiff neck, and confusion in combination with mosquito bites can indicate which viral infection?

An abscess caused by the anaerobic species Clostridium perfringens would best be collected and transported by

Describe the general protocol used to diagnose a patient with a Salmonella typhimurium infection (from collection to testing).

Bubonic plague is endemic in many countries in Africa and in the former Soviet Union. This indicates that

How does a multiplex PCR reaction differ from a traditional PCR detection method? In addition, describe an example of how multiplex can be used in diagnostics.

In determining the bacterial etiology of a patient with an infection, the first laboratory test should be what, and why? What type of testing would then follow?

Why are clinical viral diseases more challenging to diagnose than are clinical bacterial diseases?

Which of the following is NOT true of newer clinical techniques compared to conventional techniques that require culturing?

Once cultured, bacteria from septic infections or urine can be quickly identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. What is this technique and how does it work?

Looking at the laboratory results presented here, what three interpretations can be made? Colony 1 Colany 2 Colony 3 Growth an blood agar Grawth Growth Growth Grawth an CNA agar Growth Na rowth Growth Growth an MacCankey agar Na growth Growth Slight erowth

Shigella sonnei is the cause of an infection commonly seen in infant day-care facilities due to

The cause of the infection from which a patient suffers is best known as the

Describe what the One Health Initiative is and the role it played in the 2006 outbreak of food-borne O157:H7 in spinach.

Catheterization would be an appropriate method of microbial collection for

Compare and contrast the use of point-of-care rapid tests as diagnostic methods in doctors' offices.

Point-of-care diagnostics are advantageous for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

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