Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of a reduced form of carbon in the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  methane 
B)  biomass 
C)  hydrocarbons 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  methanol 
A)  methane 
B)  biomass 
C)  hydrocarbons 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  methanol D

Question 2

Which of the following is assimilated almost entirely in the oxidized state?

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfur 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  carbon 
E)  iron 
A)  sulfur 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  carbon 
E)  iron C

Question 3

The upper region indicated in the figure below is called

Accepted Answer

A)  deep oxycline. 
B)  upwelling zone. 
C)  benthos. 
D)  oxygen minimum zone. 
E)  upper oxycline. 
A)  deep oxycline. 
B)  upwelling zone. 
C)  benthos. 
D)  oxygen minimum zone. 
E)  upper oxycline. E

Question 4

The NASA FLUXNET tower is used for sampling and monitoring

Accepted Answer

A)  atmospheric CO2 and carbon flux. 
B)  dinitrogen gas and denitrification. 
C)  biomass carbon and dissolved CO2 oceans. 
D)  hydrogen cycle and carbon flux. 
E)  atmospheric nitrogen and carbon. 
A)  atmospheric CO2 and carbon flux. 
B)  dinitrogen gas and denitrification. 
C)  biomass carbon and dissolved CO2 oceans. 
D)  hydrogen cycle and carbon flux. 
E)  atmospheric nitrogen and carbon.

Question 5

What are two mechanisms used by marine organisms to adapt to the scarcity of phosphorous?

Accepted Answer

The genomes of marine phototrophs encode

Question 6

Which of the following organisms does NOT play a major role in secondary wastewater treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zoogloea 
B)  Flavobacterium 
C)  Escherichia 
D)  Pseudomonas 
E)  Nocardia 
A)  Zoogloea 
B)  Flavobacterium 
C)  Escherichia 
D)  Pseudomonas 
E)  Nocardia

Question 7

Discuss the difference in environmental availability of phosphorus versus sulfur and nitrogen.

Accepted Answer

Unlike sulfur and nitrogen, which are fo

Question 8

If life is found on other planets, it will almost certainly be

Accepted Answer

A)  thermophilic. 
B)  microbial. 
C)  barophilic. 
D)  psychrophilic. 
E)  multicellular. 
A)  thermophilic. 
B)  microbial. 
C)  barophilic. 
D)  psychrophilic. 
E)  multicellular.

Question 9

During wastewater treatment, the secondary treatment requires continual aeration to

Accepted Answer

A)  suppress microbial growth. 
B)  select for anaerobic heterotrophs. 
C)  stimulate abiotic degradation. 
D)  increase microaerophilic filamentous bacteria. 
E)  maximize breakdown of molecules to CO2 and nitrates. 
A)  suppress microbial growth. 
B)  select for anaerobic heterotrophs. 
C)  stimulate abiotic degradation. 
D)  increase microaerophilic filamentous bacteria. 
E)  maximize breakdown of molecules to CO2 and nitrates.

Question 10

Compare and contrast assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction.

Accepted Answer

Nitrate assimilation to biomass (NH₄⁺) i

Question 11

Dinitrogen gas constitutes ________ of the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  79% 
C)  69% 
D)  21% 
E)  0.03% 
A)  10% 
B)  79% 
C)  69% 
D)  21% 
E)  0.03%

Question 12

Astrobiology is the study of life in the universe. Why might our rDNA probes NOT be appropriate to detect extraterrestrial life?

Accepted Answer

Our rDNA probes were developed based on

Question 13

Wastewater treatment generates which of the following gases in quantities sufficient for recovery as fuel?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  oxygen 
C)  nitrous oxide 
D)  methane 
E)  hydrogen sulfide 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  oxygen 
C)  nitrous oxide 
D)  methane 
E)  hydrogen sulfide

Question 14

Discuss the concept of iron fertilization to remove excess CO₂ from the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

The rise of algal populations following

Question 15

What does the increase in nitrite (NO₂⁻) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in the following figure indicate? Describe this process in detail.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and archaea reduce nitrate thro

Question 16

Why does the burning of fossil fuels have such a drastic impact on the atmospheric carbon reservoir?

Accepted Answer

The atmospheric reservoir is much smalle

Question 17

The highly potent greenhouse gas N₂O generates ________ the warming effect of CO₂.

Accepted Answer

A)  50X 
B)  100X 
C)  150X 
D)  200X 
E)  500X 
A)  50X 
B)  100X 
C)  150X 
D)  200X 
E)  500X

Question 18

Phosphorus is a fundamental element of which biological molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  cofactors for enzymes 
B)  siderophores 
C)  proteins 
D)  nucleic acids 
E)  peptidoglycan 
A)  cofactors for enzymes 
B)  siderophores 
C)  proteins 
D)  nucleic acids 
E)  peptidoglycan

Question 19

What do wastewater treatment plants have in common with wetland filtration (purification)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The type of wastewater treated is the same. 
B)  The engineering designs and flow are similar. 
C)  They depend on microbes to remove nitrogen and carbon. 
D)  Chlorine is used to decontaminate pollutants. 
E)  They are both continually aerated. 
A)  The type of wastewater treated is the same. 
B)  The engineering designs and flow are similar. 
C)  They depend on microbes to remove nitrogen and carbon. 
D)  Chlorine is used to decontaminate pollutants. 
E)  They are both continually aerated.

Question 20

Which is the most stable form of nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  NO 
B)  NO2- 
C)  N2 
D)  NH3 
E)  NH 
A)  NO 
B)  NO2- 
C)  N2 
D)  NH3 
E)  NH

Exam 22: Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Which of the following is NOT an example of a reduced form of carbon in the carbon cycle?

Which of the following is assimilated almost entirely in the oxidized state?

The upper region indicated in the figure below is called

The NASA FLUXNET tower is used for sampling and monitoring

What are two mechanisms used by marine organisms to adapt to the scarcity of phosphorous?

Which of the following organisms does NOT play a major role in secondary wastewater treatment?

Discuss the difference in environmental availability of phosphorus versus sulfur and nitrogen.

If life is found on other planets, it will almost certainly be

During wastewater treatment, the secondary treatment requires continual aeration to

Compare and contrast assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction.

Dinitrogen gas constitutes ________ of the atmosphere.

Astrobiology is the study of life in the universe. Why might our rDNA probes NOT be appropriate to detect extraterrestrial life?

Wastewater treatment generates which of the following gases in quantities sufficient for recovery as fuel?

Discuss the concept of iron fertilization to remove excess CO₂ from the atmosphere.

What does the increase in nitrite (NO₂⁻) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in the following figure indicate? Describe this process in detail.

Why does the burning of fossil fuels have such a drastic impact on the atmospheric carbon reservoir?

The highly potent greenhouse gas N₂O generates ________ the warming effect of CO₂.

Phosphorus is a fundamental element of which biological molecule?

What do wastewater treatment plants have in common with wetland filtration (purification)?

Which is the most stable form of nitrogen?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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