Question 1

Outline the process illustrated in the following figure.

Accepted Answer

Some clostridiales, such as members of the genera Metabacterium (shown in the figure) and Epulopiscium, have eliminated binary fission and duplicate through a form of "live birth." Endospores ingested from feces germinate in the upper intestine but rarely undergo binary fission. Instead, the growing cell forms forespores at both poles. The forespores multiply within the mother cell to form several endospores, which ultimately emerge in "live birth" from the mother cell, which then disintegrates.

Question 2

Which is NOT a typical characteristic of Verrucomicrobia?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain a cytoskeleton made from tubulin. 
B)  They are oligotrophic. 
C)  They are rarely cultured. 
D)  They appear to have acquired genes through horizontal transfer from eukaryotes. 
E)  They are obligate intracellular parasites. 
A)  They contain a cytoskeleton made from tubulin. 
B)  They are oligotrophic. 
C)  They are rarely cultured. 
D)  They appear to have acquired genes through horizontal transfer from eukaryotes. 
E)  They are obligate intracellular parasites. E

Question 3

Pseudomonas aeruginosa may form ________ in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.

Accepted Answer

A)  sarcinae 
B)  filaments 
C)  biofilms 
D)  cysts 
E)  capsules 
A)  sarcinae 
B)  filaments 
C)  biofilms 
D)  cysts 
E)  capsules C

Question 4

Methylobacterium species are methylotrophs, which means that they

Accepted Answer

A)  can oxidize reduced single-carbon compounds. 
B)  exclusively feed on methane. 
C)  generate methane as a product of fermentation. 
D)  perform bacteriochlorophyll-based photosynthesis. 
E)  are classified as lithotrophs. 
A)  can oxidize reduced single-carbon compounds. 
B)  exclusively feed on methane. 
C)  generate methane as a product of fermentation. 
D)  perform bacteriochlorophyll-based photosynthesis. 
E)  are classified as lithotrophs.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT correct about myxobacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myxobacterial fruiting bodies are similar to those of the eukaryotic slime molds. 
B)  Under nutrient scarcity, their cells attract each other and form fruiting bodies. 
C)  They are aquatic and live as commensals on fish scales. 
D)  They lack flagella and move along surfaces using a form of motility called gliding. 
E)  With up to 12.6 Mbp, their genomes are exceptionally large. 
A)  Myxobacterial fruiting bodies are similar to those of the eukaryotic slime molds. 
B)  Under nutrient scarcity, their cells attract each other and form fruiting bodies. 
C)  They are aquatic and live as commensals on fish scales. 
D)  They lack flagella and move along surfaces using a form of motility called gliding. 
E)  With up to 12.6 Mbp, their genomes are exceptionally large.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a common feature in many spirochetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  tight spiral morphology 
B)  heterotrophy 
C)  thick outer sheaths 
D)  periplasmic flagella 
E)  rigid cell walls 
A)  tight spiral morphology 
B)  heterotrophy 
C)  thick outer sheaths 
D)  periplasmic flagella 
E)  rigid cell walls

Question 7

Photoheterotrophs absorb light for energy, but do NOT typically

Accepted Answer

A)  produce endospores. 
B)  generate biomass from carbohydrates. 
C)  fix nitrogen. 
D)  fix carbon dioxide. 
E)  grow oligotrophically. 
A)  produce endospores. 
B)  generate biomass from carbohydrates. 
C)  fix nitrogen. 
D)  fix carbon dioxide. 
E)  grow oligotrophically.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a common cyanobacterial morphology?

Accepted Answer

A)  single-celled 
B)  endospore 
C)  colonial 
D)  filamentous 
E)  akinete 
A)  single-celled 
B)  endospore 
C)  colonial 
D)  filamentous 
E)  akinete

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT correct with respect to the species of Frankia?

Accepted Answer

A)  It belongs to the phylum Actinobacteria. 
B)  It can live as an endophyte in the roots of some vascular plants, where it fixes nitrogen. 
C)  Some species can protect plants, such as wheat, from fungal infection. 
D)  Some species can grow as saprophytes on dead leaf litter. 
E)  Some species have been found to form spores. 
A)  It belongs to the phylum Actinobacteria. 
B)  It can live as an endophyte in the roots of some vascular plants, where it fixes nitrogen. 
C)  Some species can protect plants, such as wheat, from fungal infection. 
D)  Some species can grow as saprophytes on dead leaf litter. 
E)  Some species have been found to form spores.

Question 10

The following bacterial genera belong to the Enterobacteriaceae. In particular, the heavily flagellated ________ display swarming behavior prior to forming ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia; colonies 
B)  Proteus; biofilms 
C)  Pseudomonas; endospores 
D)  Caulbacter; stalks 
E)  Myxobacteria; fruiting bodies 
A)  Escherichia; colonies 
B)  Proteus; biofilms 
C)  Pseudomonas; endospores 
D)  Caulbacter; stalks 
E)  Myxobacteria; fruiting bodies

Question 11

The firmicutes ________ are the only known phototrophs that produce endospores.

Accepted Answer

A)  actinomycetales 
B)  bacillales 
C)  clostridiales 
D)  heliobacteriaceae 
E)  cyanobacteria 
A)  actinomycetales 
B)  bacillales 
C)  clostridiales 
D)  heliobacteriaceae 
E)  cyanobacteria

Question 12

Describe three mechanisms cyanobacteria use to provide an anoxic environment for the oxygen-sensitive, nitrogen-fixation enzyme nitrogenase.

Accepted Answer

Some cyanobacteria form specialized nitr

Question 13

Dehalobacter restrictus could be used in bioremediation because it

Accepted Answer

A)  respires by donating electrons to Cl atoms in tetrachloroethene, used in dry cleaning. 
B)  is an anaerobe that quickly digests plastics in landfills. 
C)  catabolizes aromatic compounds by reductive degradation. 
D)  removes salt from salt marshes. 
E)  is not applicable for use in bioremediation. 
A)  respires by donating electrons to Cl atoms in tetrachloroethene, used in dry cleaning. 
B)  is an anaerobe that quickly digests plastics in landfills. 
C)  catabolizes aromatic compounds by reductive degradation. 
D)  removes salt from salt marshes. 
E)  is not applicable for use in bioremediation.

Question 14

What bacterial groups use actin as a means to leave their host cells? What advantage does this type of cellular invasion provide to intracellular pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Listeria uses the host cell's actin to b

Question 15

Describe the photosynthetic machinery of cyanobacteria.

Accepted Answer

Cyanobacteria commonly appear green beca

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT correct about the non-spore-forming firmicutes?

Accepted Answer

A)  This group includes lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. 
B)  They include the mycoplasmas, which possess cell walls made of pseudopeptidoglycan. 
C)  Food spoilers such as Leuconostoc and Pediococcus belong to this group. 
D)  They may have evolved from endospore-forming bacteria. 
E)  Listeria species include enteric pathogens that contaminate cheese and sauerkraut. 
A)  This group includes lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. 
B)  They include the mycoplasmas, which possess cell walls made of pseudopeptidoglycan. 
C)  Food spoilers such as Leuconostoc and Pediococcus belong to this group. 
D)  They may have evolved from endospore-forming bacteria. 
E)  Listeria species include enteric pathogens that contaminate cheese and sauerkraut.

Question 17

Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes that use ________ to photolyze water to produce oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A)  photosystem I alone 
B)  bacteriochlorophyll 
C)  both photosystems I and II 
D)  plastocyanin 
E)  carboxyzomes 
A)  photosystem I alone 
B)  bacteriochlorophyll 
C)  both photosystems I and II 
D)  plastocyanin 
E)  carboxyzomes

Question 18

Which of the following species of Bacillus produces a biological insecticide?

Accepted Answer

A)  B. subtilis 
B)  B. anthracis 
C)  B. thuringiensis 
D)  B. thermophilus 
E)  B. halodurans 
A)  B. subtilis 
B)  B. anthracis 
C)  B. thuringiensis 
D)  B. thermophilus 
E)  B. halodurans

Question 19

Which of the following is pathogenic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacterium smegmatis 
B)  Blastochloris viridis 
C)  Leptospirillum spp. 
D)  Acidithibacillus ferrooxidans 
E)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
A)  Mycobacterium smegmatis 
B)  Blastochloris viridis 
C)  Leptospirillum spp. 
D)  Acidithibacillus ferrooxidans 
E)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 20

The following figure represents the life cycle of which bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  clostridiales 
B)  verrucomicrobia 
C)  Streptomyces 
D)  myxobacteria 
E)  cyanobacteria 
A)  clostridiales 
B)  verrucomicrobia 
C)  Streptomyces 
D)  myxobacteria 
E)  cyanobacteria

Exam 18: Bacterial Diversity

Outline the process illustrated in the following figure.

Which is NOT a typical characteristic of Verrucomicrobia?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa may form ________ in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.

Methylobacterium species are methylotrophs, which means that they

Which of the following is NOT correct about myxobacteria?

Which of the following is NOT a common feature in many spirochetes?

Photoheterotrophs absorb light for energy, but do NOT typically

Which of the following is NOT a common cyanobacterial morphology?

Which of the following is NOT correct with respect to the species of Frankia?

The following bacterial genera belong to the Enterobacteriaceae. In particular, the heavily flagellated ________ display swarming behavior prior to forming ________.

The firmicutes ________ are the only known phototrophs that produce endospores.

Describe three mechanisms cyanobacteria use to provide an anoxic environment for the oxygen-sensitive, nitrogen-fixation enzyme nitrogenase.

Dehalobacter restrictus could be used in bioremediation because it

What bacterial groups use actin as a means to leave their host cells? What advantage does this type of cellular invasion provide to intracellular pathogens?

Describe the photosynthetic machinery of cyanobacteria.

Which of the following is NOT correct about the non-spore-forming firmicutes?

Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes that use ________ to photolyze water to produce oxygen.

Which of the following species of Bacillus produces a biological insecticide?

Which of the following is pathogenic?

The following figure represents the life cycle of which bacteria?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

The following bacterial genera belong to the Enterobacteriaceae. In particular, the heavily flagellated display swarming behavior prior to forming .