Question 1

Why is antibiotic treatment NOT recommended for the enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7, or EHEC?

Accepted Answer

EHEC produces Shiga toxins 1 and 2 and can result in hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TPP). In HUS, microclots in the kidney lead to decreased urine output and, ultimately, kidney failure. HUS can only be treated with supportive care until kidney function resumes. Antibiotics can actually increase the release of Shiga toxins and trigger HUS.

Question 2

Which of the following respiratory infections is caused by a viral pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  diphtheria 
B)  whooping cough 
C)  tuberculosis 
D)  Legionnaires' disease 
E)  severe acute respiratory syndrome 
A)  diphtheria 
B)  whooping cough 
C)  tuberculosis 
D)  Legionnaires' disease 
E)  severe acute respiratory syndrome E

Question 3

What evidence suggests that Columbus did not bring syphilis back from the New World, but instead brought it from Europe to the New World?

Accepted Answer

Native Americans buried before Columbus arrived in America show no signs of syphilis. Pre-Columbian skeletons in England, however, do show signs of syphilis. It is now thought that Columbus brought syphilis, smallpox, and measles to the Americas.

Question 4

Describe epigenetic silencing and the role it plays in malaria.

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic silencing is the "hiding" of

Question 5

Using the following figures, interpret what is occurring in Figure C.

Accepted Answer

White patches are caused by th

Question 6

A commonly implicated causative agent of subacute endocarditis (SBE) is

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis. 
C)  Viridans streptococci. 
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
E)  Borrelia burgdorferi. 
A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis. 
C)  Viridans streptococci. 
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
E)  Borrelia burgdorferi.

Question 7

One major source of Clostridium botulinum infection in infants is

Accepted Answer

A)  any honey-based meal. 
B)  endospore-contaminated honey. 
C)  contaminated drinking water. 
D)  fomites in the house. 
E)  breast milk. 
A)  any honey-based meal. 
B)  endospore-contaminated honey. 
C)  contaminated drinking water. 
D)  fomites in the house. 
E)  breast milk.

Question 8

Which disease below is caused without an infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  giardiasis 
B)  tetanus 
C)  staphylococcal food poisoning 
D)  candidiasis 
E)  psittacosis 
A)  giardiasis 
B)  tetanus 
C)  staphylococcal food poisoning 
D)  candidiasis 
E)  psittacosis

Question 9

What diseases are often called spongiform encephalopathies?

Accepted Answer

A)  meningitis 
B)  cytotoxin 
C)  neurotoxin 
D)  prion 
E)  virus 
A)  meningitis 
B)  cytotoxin 
C)  neurotoxin 
D)  prion 
E)  virus

Question 10

Strains of Escherichia coli that cause about 75% of all urinary tract infections use ________ to latch on to proteins coating the urinary tract epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex pili 
B)  P pili 
C)  fimbrae 
D)  adhesins 
E)  glycocalyx 
A)  sex pili 
B)  P pili 
C)  fimbrae 
D)  adhesins 
E)  glycocalyx

Question 11

Diarrhea associated with the intake of nonabsorbable substrates is categorized as

Accepted Answer

A)  osmotic diarrhea. 
B)  motility-related diarrhea. 
C)  secretory diarrhea. 
D)  inflammatory diarrhea. 
E)  gastroenteritis. 
A)  osmotic diarrhea. 
B)  motility-related diarrhea. 
C)  secretory diarrhea. 
D)  inflammatory diarrhea. 
E)  gastroenteritis.

Question 12

The presence of leukocytes in a fecal smear would best indicate ________ infection.

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatitis B 
B)  varicella 
C)  enteroinvasive 
D)  meningococcal 
E)  tuberculosis 
A)  hepatitis B 
B)  varicella 
C)  enteroinvasive 
D)  meningococcal 
E)  tuberculosis

Question 13

Why is anthrax primarily, though uncommonly, found in people who work with sheep and sheep-related products?

Accepted Answer

Anthrax is caused by a Gram-positive spo

Question 14

Colitis is classified by inflammation in the

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach lining. 
C)  colon. 
D)  large intestine. 
E)  small and large intestines, stomach lining, and colon. 
A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach lining. 
C)  colon. 
D)  large intestine. 
E)  small and large intestines, stomach lining, and colon.

Question 15

Giardia lamblia enters a human or other host in what form?

Accepted Answer

A)  spore 
B)  endospore 
C)  cyst 
D)  worm 
E)  trophozoite 
A)  spore 
B)  endospore 
C)  cyst 
D)  worm 
E)  trophozoite

Question 16

Explain the mechanism by which meningococci get to the brain and spinal fluid to cause disease.

Accepted Answer

Meningococci are spread by direct contac

Question 17

People who come down with STDs and do not get treated, frequently end up with co-STD infections. Why is this? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Answers could vary but should include me

Question 18

Name and describe the role of the three domains found in tetanus and botulism neurotoxins.

Accepted Answer

Binding domain: binds to ganglioside rec

Question 19

Bacterial infections of the lung that arise secondary to viral disease are attributable in part to

Accepted Answer

A)  the high virulence of the bacterial pathogen. 
B)  viruses providing attachment receptors for the bacteria. 
C)  the host's phagocytes mutating. 
D)  an impaired mucociliary escalator due to dehydration of the host. 
E)  the low virulence of the viral disease. 
A)  the high virulence of the bacterial pathogen. 
B)  viruses providing attachment receptors for the bacteria. 
C)  the host's phagocytes mutating. 
D)  an impaired mucociliary escalator due to dehydration of the host. 
E)  the low virulence of the viral disease.

Question 20

Predict how a chest X-ray and blood counts differ for a fungal versus bacterial lung infection in children and adults.

Accepted Answer

A bacterial lung infection would most li

Exam 26: Microbial Diseases

Why is antibiotic treatment NOT recommended for the enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7, or EHEC?

Which of the following respiratory infections is caused by a viral pathogen?

What evidence suggests that Columbus did not bring syphilis back from the New World, but instead brought it from Europe to the New World?

Describe epigenetic silencing and the role it plays in malaria.

Using the following figures, interpret what is occurring in Figure C.

A commonly implicated causative agent of subacute endocarditis (SBE) is

One major source of Clostridium botulinum infection in infants is

Which disease below is caused without an infection?

What diseases are often called spongiform encephalopathies?

Strains of Escherichia coli that cause about 75% of all urinary tract infections use ________ to latch on to proteins coating the urinary tract epithelium.

Diarrhea associated with the intake of nonabsorbable substrates is categorized as

The presence of leukocytes in a fecal smear would best indicate ________ infection.

Why is anthrax primarily, though uncommonly, found in people who work with sheep and sheep-related products?

Colitis is classified by inflammation in the

Giardia lamblia enters a human or other host in what form?

Explain the mechanism by which meningococci get to the brain and spinal fluid to cause disease.

People who come down with STDs and do not get treated, frequently end up with co-STD infections. Why is this? Explain.

Name and describe the role of the three domains found in tetanus and botulism neurotoxins.

Bacterial infections of the lung that arise secondary to viral disease are attributable in part to

Predict how a chest X-ray and blood counts differ for a fungal versus bacterial lung infection in children and adults.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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