Question 1

Which of the following algae reproduce by opposite mating filaments forming a cytoplasmic conjugate bridge to fuse cellular material?

Accepted Answer

A)  filamentous green algae (Spirogyra) 
B)  sheet-forming red algae (Porphyra) 
C)  unicellular green algae (Chlamydomonas) 
D)  diatoms (Corethron) 
E)  foraminiferans (Globigerinella) 
A)  filamentous green algae (Spirogyra) 
B)  sheet-forming red algae (Porphyra) 
C)  unicellular green algae (Chlamydomonas) 
D)  diatoms (Corethron) 
E)  foraminiferans (Globigerinella) A

Question 2

Leishmania major causes a skin infection that can then disseminate to internal organs and is transmitted to a human host by

Accepted Answer

A)  drinking contaminated water. 
B)  eating undercooked meat harboring the organism. 
C)  skin contact with someone carrying the disease. 
D)  bites from infected sand flies. 
E)  sexual transmission. 
A)  drinking contaminated water. 
B)  eating undercooked meat harboring the organism. 
C)  skin contact with someone carrying the disease. 
D)  bites from infected sand flies. 
E)  sexual transmission. D

Question 3

The apicomplexans have gone through extensive evolutionary reduction, in which the apicoplast has retained some genetic capabilities from an ancestral chloroplast in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  allow only for phototrophic dark reactions. 
B)  produce low levels of ATP as backup metabolism. 
C)  fix carbon dioxide only. 
D)  absorb blue/green light only. 
E)  participate in fatty acid metabolism. 
A)  allow only for phototrophic dark reactions. 
B)  produce low levels of ATP as backup metabolism. 
C)  fix carbon dioxide only. 
D)  absorb blue/green light only. 
E)  participate in fatty acid metabolism. E

Question 4

A major group of marine phytoplankton that is essential to the marine food chain includes

Accepted Answer

A)  microsporidia. 
B)  dinoflagellates. 
C)  apicomplexan. 
D)  metamonads. 
E)  yeasts. 
A)  microsporidia. 
B)  dinoflagellates. 
C)  apicomplexan. 
D)  metamonads. 
E)  yeasts.

Question 5

Which group has the widest range of form but the least diversity in terms of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  bacteria 
D)  viruses 
E)  prokaryotes 
A)  archaea 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  bacteria 
D)  viruses 
E)  prokaryotes

Question 6

What type of metabolism do eukaryotes conduct?

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophy only 
B)  oxygenic photosynthesis only 
C)  oxygenic photosynthesis, heterotrophy, or both 
D)  ethanolic fermentation 
E)  mixed fermentation 
A)  heterotrophy only 
B)  oxygenic photosynthesis only 
C)  oxygenic photosynthesis, heterotrophy, or both 
D)  ethanolic fermentation 
E)  mixed fermentation

Question 7

Physarum polycephalum is a type of plasmodial slime mold that can be seen as a yellow mass growing on decaying wood. This organism produces

Accepted Answer

A)  a fruiting body in which individual cells remain unicellular. 
B)  no fruiting bodies and no spore formations. 
C)  a giant multinucleated cell that produces fruiting bodies. 
D)  fruiting bodies within a calcified shell structure. 
E)  no fruiting bodies and spores that move using pseudopodia. 
A)  a fruiting body in which individual cells remain unicellular. 
B)  no fruiting bodies and no spore formations. 
C)  a giant multinucleated cell that produces fruiting bodies. 
D)  fruiting bodies within a calcified shell structure. 
E)  no fruiting bodies and spores that move using pseudopodia.

Question 8

What distinguishes the Opisthokonta from other eukaryotic clades?

Accepted Answer

A)  an insertion coding for 11-17 amino acids in the elongation factor 1a gene 
B)  the sequence of ribosomal RNA genes 
C)  the sequence of RNA polymerase II 
D)  that some have a cell wall 
E)  that they are obligate heterotrophs 
A)  an insertion coding for 11-17 amino acids in the elongation factor 1a gene 
B)  the sequence of ribosomal RNA genes 
C)  the sequence of RNA polymerase II 
D)  that some have a cell wall 
E)  that they are obligate heterotrophs

Question 9

One of the smallest eukaryotes recently discovered, the green alga Ostreococcus tauri, measures less than ________ across and its genome (8 Mb) is ________ the size of that of Escherichia coli.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 mm; barely twice 
B)  500 nm; half 
C)  10 mm; about 
D)  1 mm; three times 
E)  100 mm; five times 
A)  2 mm; barely twice 
B)  500 nm; half 
C)  10 mm; about 
D)  1 mm; three times 
E)  100 mm; five times

Question 10

Briefly describe the life cycle of Ascomyta and describe three ascomycetes that have been used in science or in the culinary arts.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.
The life cycle in asc

Question 11

Use the figure below as a guide to describe the cycle of Plasmodium falciparum transmission between mosquito and human in malaria.

Accepted Answer

Plasmodium falciparum parasites are inje

Question 12

Glomeromycota are obligate mutualists of plants

Accepted Answer

A)  that form fruiting bodies, such as basidiomycetes. 
B)  and are considered pathogenic to more than 90% of all land plants. 
C)  that form arbuscular mycorrhizae, in which fungal filaments surround the plant cell walls but do not penetrate them. 
D)  that receive sugars from plants and provide ammonium and phosphate to plants. 
E)  that form periarbuscular space within the fungi's own cell wall. 
A)  that form fruiting bodies, such as basidiomycetes. 
B)  and are considered pathogenic to more than 90% of all land plants. 
C)  that form arbuscular mycorrhizae, in which fungal filaments surround the plant cell walls but do not penetrate them. 
D)  that receive sugars from plants and provide ammonium and phosphate to plants. 
E)  that form periarbuscular space within the fungi's own cell wall.

Question 13

The brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been called a "single-celled" human because its genome of about 6,000 genes has many human homologs. Briefly describe three human cell processes that can be modeled using yeast.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.
· Being opisthokonts,

Question 14

Plasmodium falciparum is a(n) ________ and is transmitted to the human host by the bite of a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Apicomplexan; mosquito 
B)  type of Trypanosome; tsetse fly 
C)  Apicomplexan; reduviid bug 
D)  type of Trypanosome; mosquito 
E)  Apicomplexan; sand fly 
A)  Apicomplexan; mosquito 
B)  type of Trypanosome; tsetse fly 
C)  Apicomplexan; reduviid bug 
D)  type of Trypanosome; mosquito 
E)  Apicomplexan; sand fly

Question 15

Use the figure below to describe the mechanism of pseudopod motility in Amoebozoa.

Accepted Answer

Movement by cytoplasmic streaming consis

Question 16

The following are examples of challenges for classification of eukaryotes, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotic chromosomes are located inside the nucleus. 
B)  eukaryotes have experienced multiple endosymbiotic events. 
C)  genome size and complexity has delayed completion of genomic sequences. 
D)  for superficial similarity in form and habitat in distant taxa leading to convergent evolution. 
E)  within a clade, some cells have lost structures through reductive evolution; others have not. 
A)  eukaryotic chromosomes are located inside the nucleus. 
B)  eukaryotes have experienced multiple endosymbiotic events. 
C)  genome size and complexity has delayed completion of genomic sequences. 
D)  for superficial similarity in form and habitat in distant taxa leading to convergent evolution. 
E)  within a clade, some cells have lost structures through reductive evolution; others have not.

Question 17

Free living amebas are common soil predators that feed on bacteria, algae, rotifers, and so on. However, some species may harbor bacterial pathogens such as ________, which contaminates water supplies and air ducts.

Accepted Answer

A)  Encephalitozoon intestinalis 
B)  Toxoplasma gondii 
C)  Leishmania major 
D)  Legionella pneumophila 
E)  Giardia lamblia 
A)  Encephalitozoon intestinalis 
B)  Toxoplasma gondii 
C)  Leishmania major 
D)  Legionella pneumophila 
E)  Giardia lamblia

Question 18

In the organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which of the following induces alternation of generations from a haploid to a diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 10°C decrease in optimum growth temperature 
B)  glucose abundance 
C)  starvation stress 
D)  nitrogen deprivation 
E)  a pH change toward acidic conditions 
A)  a 10°C decrease in optimum growth temperature 
B)  glucose abundance 
C)  starvation stress 
D)  nitrogen deprivation 
E)  a pH change toward acidic conditions

Question 19

Neocallomastix sp. is/does NOT

Accepted Answer

A)  classified as a Chytridiomycota. 
B)  an obligate aerobe. 
C)  possess flagellated reproductive forms called zoospores. 
D)  contain hydrogenosomes evolved from mitochondria. 
E)  ferment plant material in bovine rumen. 
A)  classified as a Chytridiomycota. 
B)  an obligate aerobe. 
C)  possess flagellated reproductive forms called zoospores. 
D)  contain hydrogenosomes evolved from mitochondria. 
E)  ferment plant material in bovine rumen.

Question 20

The figure below is a schematic representation of Chlamydomonas life cycle. What is INCORRECTLY labeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  A- mitosis 
B)  B-fusion of gametes 
C)  C-sexual reproduction 
D)  D-haploid asexual reproduction 
E)  E-zoospores 
A)  A- mitosis 
B)  B-fusion of gametes 
C)  C-sexual reproduction 
D)  D-haploid asexual reproduction 
E)  E-zoospores

Exam 20: Eukaryotic Diversity

Which of the following algae reproduce by opposite mating filaments forming a cytoplasmic conjugate bridge to fuse cellular material?

Leishmania major causes a skin infection that can then disseminate to internal organs and is transmitted to a human host by

The apicomplexans have gone through extensive evolutionary reduction, in which the apicoplast has retained some genetic capabilities from an ancestral chloroplast in order to

A major group of marine phytoplankton that is essential to the marine food chain includes

Which group has the widest range of form but the least diversity in terms of metabolism?

What type of metabolism do eukaryotes conduct?

Physarum polycephalum is a type of plasmodial slime mold that can be seen as a yellow mass growing on decaying wood. This organism produces

What distinguishes the Opisthokonta from other eukaryotic clades?

One of the smallest eukaryotes recently discovered, the green alga Ostreococcus tauri, measures less than ________ across and its genome (8 Mb) is ________ the size of that of Escherichia coli.

Briefly describe the life cycle of Ascomyta and describe three ascomycetes that have been used in science or in the culinary arts.

Use the figure below as a guide to describe the cycle of Plasmodium falciparum transmission between mosquito and human in malaria.

Glomeromycota are obligate mutualists of plants

The brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been called a "single-celled" human because its genome of about 6,000 genes has many human homologs. Briefly describe three human cell processes that can be modeled using yeast.

Plasmodium falciparum is a(n) ________ and is transmitted to the human host by the bite of a ________.

Use the figure below to describe the mechanism of pseudopod motility in Amoebozoa.

The following are examples of challenges for classification of eukaryotes, EXCEPT

Free living amebas are common soil predators that feed on bacteria, algae, rotifers, and so on. However, some species may harbor bacterial pathogens such as ________, which contaminates water supplies and air ducts.

In the organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which of the following induces alternation of generations from a haploid to a diploid cell?

Neocallomastix sp. is/does NOT

The figure below is a schematic representation of Chlamydomonas life cycle. What is INCORRECTLY labeled?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

One of the smallest eukaryotes recently discovered, the green alga Ostreococcus tauri, measures less than across and its genome (8 Mb) is the size of that of Escherichia coli.

Plasmodium falciparum is a(n) and is transmitted to the human host by the bite of a .