Question 1

The following are characteristics of primary algae EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  they are CO2-fixing producers. 
B)  they all are single-celled organisms. 
C)  they have a cell wall made up of glycoprotein or cellulose. 
D)  chloroplasts are the result of a single endosymbiotic event. 
E)  they include the major clades Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. 
A)  they are CO2-fixing producers. 
B)  they all are single-celled organisms. 
C)  they have a cell wall made up of glycoprotein or cellulose. 
D)  chloroplasts are the result of a single endosymbiotic event. 
E)  they include the major clades Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are chemolithotrophs. 
B)  Most multicellular forms grow by extending multinucleate cell filaments called hyphae. 
C)  Membrane lipids include ergosterol, an analog of cholesterol. 
D)  Cell walls contain chitin. 
E)  They engage in absorptive nutrition. 
A)  They are chemolithotrophs. 
B)  Most multicellular forms grow by extending multinucleate cell filaments called hyphae. 
C)  Membrane lipids include ergosterol, an analog of cholesterol. 
D)  Cell walls contain chitin. 
E)  They engage in absorptive nutrition.

Question 3

The figure below shows the life cycle of an ascomycete. What is INCORRECTLY labeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-mitosis 
B)  B-pairing of nuclei 
C)  C-cytoplasmic fusion 
D)  D-hyphae containing paired nuclei grow into mycelia 
E)  E-nuclear fusion 
A)  A-mitosis 
B)  B-pairing of nuclei 
C)  C-cytoplasmic fusion 
D)  D-hyphae containing paired nuclei grow into mycelia 
E)  E-nuclear fusion

Question 4

The term "protist" describes single-cell and colonial eukaryotic organisms other than

Accepted Answer

A)  paramecia. 
B)  diatoms. 
C)  dinoflagellates. 
D)  fungi. 
E)  amebas. 
A)  paramecia. 
B)  diatoms. 
C)  dinoflagellates. 
D)  fungi. 
E)  amebas.

Question 5

Paramecia beat their cilia in coordinated waves to

Accepted Answer

A)  distract and fool predators. 
B)  move forward and acquire food. 
C)  attach to immobile structures for filter feeding. 
D)  deliver toxins to enemies. 
E)  accumulate minerals for shell synthesis. 
A)  distract and fool predators. 
B)  move forward and acquire food. 
C)  attach to immobile structures for filter feeding. 
D)  deliver toxins to enemies. 
E)  accumulate minerals for shell synthesis.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding pseudopods is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The term "pseudopods" means "false feet." 
B)  Amoebozoa have lobe-shaped pseudopods. 
C)  Lamellar pseudopods of amebas are similar to those generated by human leukocytes. 
D)  Needlelike pseudopods are thin extensions reinforced by myosin polymers. 
E)  The tip of a pseudopod contains a gel of polymerized actin beneath its cell membrane. 
A)  The term "pseudopods" means "false feet." 
B)  Amoebozoa have lobe-shaped pseudopods. 
C)  Lamellar pseudopods of amebas are similar to those generated by human leukocytes. 
D)  Needlelike pseudopods are thin extensions reinforced by myosin polymers. 
E)  The tip of a pseudopod contains a gel of polymerized actin beneath its cell membrane.

Question 7

Species in the genus ________ are unicellular green algae.

Accepted Answer

A)  Volvox 
B)  Porphyra 
C)  Spirogyra 
D)  Ulva 
E)  Chlamydomonas 
A)  Volvox 
B)  Porphyra 
C)  Spirogyra 
D)  Ulva 
E)  Chlamydomonas

Question 8

The protozoa were considered to be microscopic animals because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are bigger than bacteria. 
B)  of their capacity to cause disease. 
C)  of their ability to move. 
D)  some have proteinaceous cell walls. 
E)  some reproduce through conjugation. 
A)  they are bigger than bacteria. 
B)  of their capacity to cause disease. 
C)  of their ability to move. 
D)  some have proteinaceous cell walls. 
E)  some reproduce through conjugation.

Question 9

Organisms in the ________ clade have lost their mitochondria through the process of reductive (degenerative) evolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveolata 
B)  Heterokonta 
C)  Opisthokonta 
D)  Metamonada 
E)  Discoba 
A)  Alveolata 
B)  Heterokonta 
C)  Opisthokonta 
D)  Metamonada 
E)  Discoba

Question 10

Schizogony refers to the life-cycle stage of ________ in Plasmodium falciparum, which is found in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitotic reproduction and zygote development into spore-like form for transmission to next host; mosquito 
B)  mitotic reproduction to achieve large population within the vertebrate host; liver 
C)  meiotic reproduction to produce gametes; red-blood-cell 
D)  mitotic reproduction and zygote development into spore-like form for transmission to next host; red-blood-cell 
E)  meiotic reproduction to produce gametes; mosquito 
A)  mitotic reproduction and zygote development into spore-like form for transmission to next host; mosquito 
B)  mitotic reproduction to achieve large population within the vertebrate host; liver 
C)  meiotic reproduction to produce gametes; red-blood-cell 
D)  mitotic reproduction and zygote development into spore-like form for transmission to next host; red-blood-cell 
E)  meiotic reproduction to produce gametes; mosquito

Question 11

The figure below depicts two paramecia during conjugation. Use the numbered arrows to briefly describe the steps in this phenomenon. The figure can be used to describe what happens in one of the cells.

Accepted Answer

Initially, two paramecia of different ma

Question 12

Which organisms are considered the possible "missing link" in the evolution from microbial eukaryotes to multicellular animals due to shared genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  metazoa 
B)  slime molds 
C)  eumycota 
D)  choanoflagellata 
E)  microsporidia 
A)  metazoa 
B)  slime molds 
C)  eumycota 
D)  choanoflagellata 
E)  microsporidia

Question 13

Ameboid movement is produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasmic streaming into the extending pseudopodia. 
B)  paired flagella formations extending off the cell membrane. 
C)  cilia structures surrounding the cell. 
D)  regulation of osmotic and gas vacuoles within the cytoplasm. 
E)  barophilic pumps within the cell membrane. 
A)  cytoplasmic streaming into the extending pseudopodia. 
B)  paired flagella formations extending off the cell membrane. 
C)  cilia structures surrounding the cell. 
D)  regulation of osmotic and gas vacuoles within the cytoplasm. 
E)  barophilic pumps within the cell membrane.

Question 14

Phytoplankton refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophic bacteria present in aquatic and marine environments. 
B)  mixotrophic algae and amebas present in aquatic environments. 
C)  photosynthetic algae and bacteria present in aquatic and marine environments. 
D)  heterotrophic algae, bacteria, and protists present in aquatic, marine, and terrestrial environments. 
E)  photosynthetic algae and plants present in aquatic, marine, and terrestrial environments. 
A)  heterotrophic bacteria present in aquatic and marine environments. 
B)  mixotrophic algae and amebas present in aquatic environments. 
C)  photosynthetic algae and bacteria present in aquatic and marine environments. 
D)  heterotrophic algae, bacteria, and protists present in aquatic, marine, and terrestrial environments. 
E)  photosynthetic algae and plants present in aquatic, marine, and terrestrial environments.

Question 15

Which of the following is a signal for the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum to switch from a unicellular state to an aggregate slug formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial cell wall components (e.g., LPS, teichoic acids) 
B)  cyclic AMP 
C)  high glucose concentrations 
D)  increased light and warmth 
E)  actin polymerization 
A)  bacterial cell wall components (e.g., LPS, teichoic acids) 
B)  cyclic AMP 
C)  high glucose concentrations 
D)  increased light and warmth 
E)  actin polymerization

Question 16

What are protists? What is the current status of the classification of protists? What is the difference between protozoa and protists?

Accepted Answer

Historically, unicellular organisms that

Question 17

Encephalitozoon intestinalis is an organism classified as a Microsporidia. It is of clinical importance because it

Accepted Answer

A)  causes severe allergic reactions in some people. 
B)  causes trypanosomiasis. 
C)  causes ringworm infections. 
D)  is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. 
E)  infects catheters by producing biofilms. 
A)  causes severe allergic reactions in some people. 
B)  causes trypanosomiasis. 
C)  causes ringworm infections. 
D)  is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. 
E)  infects catheters by producing biofilms.

Question 18

The figure below shows the cellular basis of extension of a fungal hypha. Which of the following is labeled correctly?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-apical growth zone 
B)  B-absorption zone 
C)  C-vesicles 
D)  D-apical growth zone 
E)  E-storage zone 
A)  A-apical growth zone 
B)  B-absorption zone 
C)  C-vesicles 
D)  D-apical growth zone 
E)  E-storage zone

Question 19

Why are sponges, jellyfish, worms, reptiles, humans, yeast, and microsporidia placed in the same eukaryotic clade?

Accepted Answer

Despite their inherent structural and fu

Question 20

Dinoflagellates are marine phototrophs responsible for the toxic red tide blooms. What pigments confer the red color to these organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  rhodopsin 
B)  tannins 
C)  anthocyanins 
D)  chlorophylls 
E)  carotenoids 
A)  rhodopsin 
B)  tannins 
C)  anthocyanins 
D)  chlorophylls 
E)  carotenoids

Exam 20: Eukaryotic Diversity

The following are characteristics of primary algae EXCEPT that

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?

The figure below shows the life cycle of an ascomycete. What is INCORRECTLY labeled?

The term "protist" describes single-cell and colonial eukaryotic organisms other than

Paramecia beat their cilia in coordinated waves to

Which of the following statements regarding pseudopods is NOT correct?

Species in the genus ________ are unicellular green algae.

The protozoa were considered to be microscopic animals because

Organisms in the ________ clade have lost their mitochondria through the process of reductive (degenerative) evolution.

Schizogony refers to the life-cycle stage of ________ in Plasmodium falciparum, which is found in the ________ stage.

The figure below depicts two paramecia during conjugation. Use the numbered arrows to briefly describe the steps in this phenomenon. The figure can be used to describe what happens in one of the cells.

Which organisms are considered the possible "missing link" in the evolution from microbial eukaryotes to multicellular animals due to shared genes?

Ameboid movement is produced by

Phytoplankton refers to

Which of the following is a signal for the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum to switch from a unicellular state to an aggregate slug formation?

What are protists? What is the current status of the classification of protists? What is the difference between protozoa and protists?

Encephalitozoon intestinalis is an organism classified as a Microsporidia. It is of clinical importance because it

The figure below shows the cellular basis of extension of a fungal hypha. Which of the following is labeled correctly?

Why are sponges, jellyfish, worms, reptiles, humans, yeast, and microsporidia placed in the same eukaryotic clade?

Dinoflagellates are marine phototrophs responsible for the toxic red tide blooms. What pigments confer the red color to these organisms?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

Schizogony refers to the life-cycle stage of in Plasmodium falciparum, which is found in the stage.