Question 1

What are nanoeukaryotes and how has their discovery changed our understanding of biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.
Nanoeukaryotes are ne

Question 2

The Rhodophyta alga Porphyra is known to colonize aquatic environments deeper than the Chlorophyta algae Spirogyra. Why does this happen? What advantages does Porphyra have by inhabiting this niche?

Accepted Answer

The Rhodophyta, or red algae, are red du

Question 3

Trypanosomes are a group of organisms that share which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  free-living aquatic parasites, round cell, no flagellum 
B)  intestinal parasites, shelled cell structure with pseudopodia 
C)  opportunistic parasites, multicellular with paired flagellum and apicoplast 
D)  obligate parasites, elongated cell with single flagellum and a kinetoplast 
E)  anaerobic parasites, single cellular structure with cilia 
A)  free-living aquatic parasites, round cell, no flagellum 
B)  intestinal parasites, shelled cell structure with pseudopodia 
C)  opportunistic parasites, multicellular with paired flagellum and apicoplast 
D)  obligate parasites, elongated cell with single flagellum and a kinetoplast 
E)  anaerobic parasites, single cellular structure with cilia

Question 4

Describe how Trypanosoma brucei overwhelms the immune system of an infected animal host, and explain the possible current targets for drug therapy.

Accepted Answer

Trypanosoma brucei causes the African sl

Question 5

Compare and contrast radiolarians and foraminiferans.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.
Amebas that form need

Question 6

A kinetoplast is ________ containing a bundle of multiple copies of its circular genome.

Accepted Answer

A)  a type of apicoplast 
B)  a relict chloroplast 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  in the pseudopodia cytoplasm 
E)  inside a large chloroplast 
A)  a type of apicoplast 
B)  a relict chloroplast 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  in the pseudopodia cytoplasm 
E)  inside a large chloroplast

Question 7

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ascomycota-Penicillium, yeasts, fungal component of lichens 
B)  Basidiomycota-Amanita, Licoperdon, Cryptococcus neoformans 
C)  Chytridiomycota-Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Neocallomastix 
D)  Zygomycota-saprophytes, insect parasites 
E)  Microsporidia-arbuscular mycorrhizae 
A)  Ascomycota-Penicillium, yeasts, fungal component of lichens 
B)  Basidiomycota-Amanita, Licoperdon, Cryptococcus neoformans 
C)  Chytridiomycota-Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Neocallomastix 
D)  Zygomycota-saprophytes, insect parasites 
E)  Microsporidia-arbuscular mycorrhizae

Question 8

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trypanosoma brucei-sleeping sickness 
B)  Trypanosoma cruzi-Chagas disease 
C)  Balantidium coli-gastric ulcers 
D)  Entameba histolytica-amebiasis 
E)  Plasmodium falciparum-malaria 
A)  Trypanosoma brucei-sleeping sickness 
B)  Trypanosoma cruzi-Chagas disease 
C)  Balantidium coli-gastric ulcers 
D)  Entameba histolytica-amebiasis 
E)  Plasmodium falciparum-malaria

Question 9

The structure below represents the polysaccharide ________, which is the main component of cell walls in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose; Viridiplantae 
B)  murein; bacteria 
C)  chitin; fungi 
D)  starch; photosynthetic protists 
E)  hyaluronic acid; animals 
A)  cellulose; Viridiplantae 
B)  murein; bacteria 
C)  chitin; fungi 
D)  starch; photosynthetic protists 
E)  hyaluronic acid; animals

Question 10

What are choanoflagellates and what is their importance in evolutionary studies?

Accepted Answer

Choanoflagellates are protists that alte

Question 11

All of the following are characteristics of eukaryotic organisms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  their cells possess a nucleus. 
B)  all types of eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a cell wall. 
C)  they are highly compartmentalized and have an endomembrane system. 
D)  they include organisms with unicellular complex multicellular bodies or unicellular forms. 
E)  they display aerobic respiration, although some are capable of phototrophy. 
A)  their cells possess a nucleus. 
B)  all types of eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a cell wall. 
C)  they are highly compartmentalized and have an endomembrane system. 
D)  they include organisms with unicellular complex multicellular bodies or unicellular forms. 
E)  they display aerobic respiration, although some are capable of phototrophy.

Question 12

The structural characteristic that defines the clade Heterokonta is that they all

Accepted Answer

A)  inhabit the same ecological niche. 
B)  rely exclusively on photosynthesis for metabolism. 
C)  have or have had pairs of flagella of different shapes and lengths. 
D)  have a bipartite shell called a frustule. 
E)  move with similar locomotive structures. 
A)  inhabit the same ecological niche. 
B)  rely exclusively on photosynthesis for metabolism. 
C)  have or have had pairs of flagella of different shapes and lengths. 
D)  have a bipartite shell called a frustule. 
E)  move with similar locomotive structures.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a common trait shared by most mycelium-forming fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  absorptive nutrition 
B)  hyphae production 
C)  multinucleated cells 
D)  chitinous cell walls 
E)  asexual reproduction by budding 
A)  absorptive nutrition 
B)  hyphae production 
C)  multinucleated cells 
D)  chitinous cell walls 
E)  asexual reproduction by budding

Question 14

The Zygomycota taxon comprises saprophytes, mycorrhiza, and insect parasites. They are characterized by having nonmotile gametes that must grow toward each other to fuse and form a zygote (zygospore). Explain why this taxon is classified under the larger taxa of Opisthokonta, which includes organisms with flagellated reproductive cells.

Accepted Answer

Zygomycota falls under the true fungi (E

Question 15

Why are phylogenetic data in the domain Eukarya overall harder to obtain than phylogenetic evidence in either the Bacteria or Archaea domains? How has this affected the systematics of Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic genomes are much larger than

Question 16

Use the figure below to describe the process of hyphal extension in fungi.

Accepted Answer

In a growing fungal hypha, expansion occ

Question 17

Amanita phalloides makes a-amanitin, a dangerous toxin that can be used in the laboratory for studies in molecular biology. What enzyme is inhibited by α-amanitin?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase II 
B)  [H+]-ATPase 
C)  DNA polymerase III 
D)  gyrase 
E)  [Na+/K+]-ATPase 
A)  RNA polymerase II 
B)  [H+]-ATPase 
C)  DNA polymerase III 
D)  gyrase 
E)  [Na+/K+]-ATPase

Question 18

In the figure below, the letters A, B, and C represent the formation of Giardia intestinalis dormant cysts from trophozoites and back. Briefly describe the structure and life cycle of G. intestinalis. What conditions lead to the formation of the cyst?

Accepted Answer

The parasite Giardia intestinalis (=G. l

Question 19

Why are coral endosymbionts, known as zooxanthellae, important indicators of ocean health?

Accepted Answer

The name "zooxanthellae" refers to the r

Question 20

Leishmania major infection is most problematic in

Accepted Answer

A)  Central and South America. 
B)  South America, Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe. 
C)  Sub-Saharan Africa. 
D)  eastern Europe and Central Asia. 
E)  the South Pacific. 
A)  Central and South America. 
B)  South America, Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe. 
C)  Sub-Saharan Africa. 
D)  eastern Europe and Central Asia. 
E)  the South Pacific.

Exam 20: Eukaryotic Diversity

What are nanoeukaryotes and how has their discovery changed our understanding of biological systems?

The Rhodophyta alga Porphyra is known to colonize aquatic environments deeper than the Chlorophyta algae Spirogyra. Why does this happen? What advantages does Porphyra have by inhabiting this niche?

Trypanosomes are a group of organisms that share which of the following characteristics?

Describe how Trypanosoma brucei overwhelms the immune system of an infected animal host, and explain the possible current targets for drug therapy.

Compare and contrast radiolarians and foraminiferans.

A kinetoplast is ________ containing a bundle of multiple copies of its circular genome.

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

The structure below represents the polysaccharide ________, which is the main component of cell walls in ________.

What are choanoflagellates and what is their importance in evolutionary studies?

All of the following are characteristics of eukaryotic organisms EXCEPT

The structural characteristic that defines the clade Heterokonta is that they all

Which of the following is NOT a common trait shared by most mycelium-forming fungi?

Why are phylogenetic data in the domain Eukarya overall harder to obtain than phylogenetic evidence in either the Bacteria or Archaea domains? How has this affected the systematics of Eukarya?

Use the figure below to describe the process of hyphal extension in fungi.

Amanita phalloides makes a-amanitin, a dangerous toxin that can be used in the laboratory for studies in molecular biology. What enzyme is inhibited by α-amanitin?

In the figure below, the letters A, B, and C represent the formation of Giardia intestinalis dormant cysts from trophozoites and back. Briefly describe the structure and life cycle of G. intestinalis. What conditions lead to the formation of the cyst?

Why are coral endosymbionts, known as zooxanthellae, important indicators of ocean health?

Leishmania major infection is most problematic in

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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The structure below represents the polysaccharide , which is the main component of cell walls in .