Question 1

One way a macrolide-producing organism, such as Streptomyces sp., prevents its own demise from production of the antibiotic is to

Accepted Answer

A)  methylate its own RNA. 
B)  change its peptidoglycan linkages. 
C)  create an MDR pump. 
D)  change its DNA structure. 
E)  only produce the antibiotic during the death phase. 
A)  methylate its own RNA. 
B)  change its peptidoglycan linkages. 
C)  create an MDR pump. 
D)  change its DNA structure. 
E)  only produce the antibiotic during the death phase. A

Question 2

Aicrobes that produce antibiotic molecules ________ as a way to prevent self destruction.

Accepted Answer

A)  pump the antibiotic out 
B)  modify the target so it cannot bind 
C)  add modifying groups to the antibiotic 
D)  destroy the antibiotic 
E)  There is no need to avoid self-destruction. 
A)  pump the antibiotic out 
B)  modify the target so it cannot bind 
C)  add modifying groups to the antibiotic 
D)  destroy the antibiotic 
E)  There is no need to avoid self-destruction. E

Question 3

The influenza envelope neuraminidase viral spike protein allows the virus to

Accepted Answer

A)  escape from antibiotics. 
B)  acidify the endocytic chamber. 
C)  release new virions from an infected host cell. 
D)  bind to host cell glycoproteins. 
E)  undergo viral membrane fusion. 
A)  escape from antibiotics. 
B)  acidify the endocytic chamber. 
C)  release new virions from an infected host cell. 
D)  bind to host cell glycoproteins. 
E)  undergo viral membrane fusion. C

Question 4

Minimal inhibitory concentration, or MIC, is ________ concentration of a drug that will prevent the growth of an organism.

Accepted Answer

A)  the average 
B)  the lowest 
C)  the highest 
D)  the midline 
E)  any 
A)  the average 
B)  the lowest 
C)  the highest 
D)  the midline 
E)  any

Question 5

How does prescribing a "dummy compound," like clavulanic acid, begin to address an infant bacterial infection with a Klebsiella sp. that is ampicillin resistant?

Accepted Answer

Dummy target compounds like clavulanic a

Question 6

The Mueller-Hinton medium used in the Kirby-Bauer assay contains no para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA, normally found in most media) because it

Accepted Answer

A)  causes an increase in bacterial lag time. 
B)  interferes with the diffusion of penicillin and penicillin-like drugs. 
C)  creates a false bacteriostatic effect. 
D)  polymerizes streptomycin drugs and their derivatives. 
E)  inhibits sulfa antibiotics testing. 
A)  causes an increase in bacterial lag time. 
B)  interferes with the diffusion of penicillin and penicillin-like drugs. 
C)  creates a false bacteriostatic effect. 
D)  polymerizes streptomycin drugs and their derivatives. 
E)  inhibits sulfa antibiotics testing.

Question 7

There are fewer antivirals currently available in most pharmacies than there are antibacterials because

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial cells are less complex than viruses. 
B)  selective toxicity is much easier to achieve for bacteria. 
C)  most antivirals available are for uncommon, life-threatening infections. 
D)  selective toxicity is much easier to achieve for viruses. 
E)  MIC values are larger for bacteria than for viruses. 
A)  bacterial cells are less complex than viruses. 
B)  selective toxicity is much easier to achieve for bacteria. 
C)  most antivirals available are for uncommon, life-threatening infections. 
D)  selective toxicity is much easier to achieve for viruses. 
E)  MIC values are larger for bacteria than for viruses.

Question 8

Why are drug-resistant bacteria less viable in comparison with wild type?

Accepted Answer

Drug-resistant bacteria have obtained ei

Question 9

You are designing a new antibiotic to treat infections caused by the fungal agent Cryptococcus neoformans, a potentially fatal lung infection in patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy. What issues could you run into with selective toxicity, and what strategies would you use in your development?

Accepted Answer

Answers regarding development approaches

Question 10

One of the leading sources of human infection by antibiotic-resistant organisms is ________ infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  farm animal 
B)  locker room 
C)  dental surgery 
D)  nosocomial 
E)  food recall 
A)  farm animal 
B)  locker room 
C)  dental surgery 
D)  nosocomial 
E)  food recall

Question 11

A bacterium has evolved a new enzyme that can cleave a beta-lactam ring structure. It would NOT be treatable by which class of drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  aminoglycosides 
B)  ampicillin 
C)  tetracycline 
D)  bacitracin 
E)  quinolones 
A)  aminoglycosides 
B)  ampicillin 
C)  tetracycline 
D)  bacitracin 
E)  quinolones

Question 12

Summarize what is occurring in the figure below.

Accepted Answer

It is an illustration of poten

Question 13

Outline and discuss the steps that a research laboratory would go through to discover a new antibiotic to treat a systemic infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Accepted Answer

· Identify new targets (such as unique e

Question 14

An example of an antibiotic that binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit would be

Accepted Answer

A)  streptogramins. 
B)  macrolides. 
C)  beta-lactams. 
D)  fluoroquinolones. 
E)  aminoglycosides. 
A)  streptogramins. 
B)  macrolides. 
C)  beta-lactams. 
D)  fluoroquinolones. 
E)  aminoglycosides.

Question 15

A bacterium may be penicillin resistant due to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  a Gram-negative cell wall. 
B)  beta-lactase production. 
C)  a Gram-positive cell wall. 
D)  modified transpeptidases. 
E)  modified transglycosylases. 
A)  a Gram-negative cell wall. 
B)  beta-lactase production. 
C)  a Gram-positive cell wall. 
D)  modified transpeptidases. 
E)  modified transglycosylases.

Question 16

The multidrug resistance, or MDR, efflux pumps found in organisms such as resistant strains of Escherichia coli work most similarly to

Accepted Answer

A)  ABC transporters. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  reverse osmosis. 
D)  electron transport. 
E)  phospholipid flip-flop. 
A)  ABC transporters. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  reverse osmosis. 
D)  electron transport. 
E)  phospholipid flip-flop.

Question 17

Sometimes, systemic mycoses require more aggressive treatment. A drug used in this treatment is

Accepted Answer

A)  amphotericin B. 
B)  penicillin. 
C)  lamisil. 
D)  tetracycline. 
E)  penicillin., 
A)  amphotericin B. 
B)  penicillin. 
C)  lamisil. 
D)  tetracycline. 
E)  penicillin.,

Question 18

A new antibiotic, platensimycin, was recently discovered from what organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus subtilis 
B)  Bacillus thuringiensis 
C)  Escherichia platentis 
D)  Streptomyces platensis 
E)  Klebsiella pneumoniae 
A)  Bacillus subtilis 
B)  Bacillus thuringiensis 
C)  Escherichia platentis 
D)  Streptomyces platensis 
E)  Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 19

Bactericidal antibiotics include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  aminoglycosides. 
B)  rifampin. 
C)  macrolides. 
D)  subcutaneous isoniazidchloramphenicol. 
E)  quinolones. 
A)  aminoglycosides. 
B)  rifampin. 
C)  macrolides. 
D)  subcutaneous isoniazidchloramphenicol. 
E)  quinolones.

Question 20

Why is it that the organism that produces penicillin, Penicillin notatum, is not affected by the production of this molecule, but Staphylococcus aureus is? Of what benefit is the antibiotic in the organism that created it?

Accepted Answer

Most antibiotics are considered secondar

Exam 27: Antimicrobial Therapy

One way a macrolide-producing organism, such as Streptomyces sp., prevents its own demise from production of the antibiotic is to

Aicrobes that produce antibiotic molecules ________ as a way to prevent self destruction.

The influenza envelope neuraminidase viral spike protein allows the virus to

Minimal inhibitory concentration, or MIC, is ________ concentration of a drug that will prevent the growth of an organism.

How does prescribing a "dummy compound," like clavulanic acid, begin to address an infant bacterial infection with a Klebsiella sp. that is ampicillin resistant?

The Mueller-Hinton medium used in the Kirby-Bauer assay contains no para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA, normally found in most media) because it

There are fewer antivirals currently available in most pharmacies than there are antibacterials because

Why are drug-resistant bacteria less viable in comparison with wild type?

One of the leading sources of human infection by antibiotic-resistant organisms is ________ infections.

A bacterium has evolved a new enzyme that can cleave a beta-lactam ring structure. It would NOT be treatable by which class of drugs?

Summarize what is occurring in the figure below.

Outline and discuss the steps that a research laboratory would go through to discover a new antibiotic to treat a systemic infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

An example of an antibiotic that binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit would be

A bacterium may be penicillin resistant due to all of the following EXCEPT

The multidrug resistance, or MDR, efflux pumps found in organisms such as resistant strains of Escherichia coli work most similarly to

Sometimes, systemic mycoses require more aggressive treatment. A drug used in this treatment is

A new antibiotic, platensimycin, was recently discovered from what organism?

Bactericidal antibiotics include all of the following EXCEPT

Why is it that the organism that produces penicillin, Penicillin notatum, is not affected by the production of this molecule, but Staphylococcus aureus is? Of what benefit is the antibiotic in the organism that created it?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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