Question 1

Which of the following statements about the Kirby-Bauer assay is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is used to test multiple bacteria simultaneously on a single plate. 
B)  It uses serial dilutions of specific antibiotics to determine MIC. 
C)  Zones of inhibition that are smaller are better antibiotics than antibiotics that form larger zones. 
D)  It can test up to 12 different antibiotic disks at one time. 
E)  It cannot be correlated with in vivo tissue concentrations. 
A)  It is used to test multiple bacteria simultaneously on a single plate. 
B)  It uses serial dilutions of specific antibiotics to determine MIC. 
C)  Zones of inhibition that are smaller are better antibiotics than antibiotics that form larger zones. 
D)  It can test up to 12 different antibiotic disks at one time. 
E)  It cannot be correlated with in vivo tissue concentrations.

Question 2

Which of the following would NOT be a way that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria could inherit resistance genes from other bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  transposons 
B)  random mutation 
C)  prophages 
D)  plasmid integration 
E)  integrons 
A)  transposons 
B)  random mutation 
C)  prophages 
D)  plasmid integration 
E)  integrons

Question 3

What microbe would you grow if you wanted to prepare and isolate some vancomycin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amycolatopsis orientalis 
B)  Staphylococcus aureas 
C)  Veillonella parvula 
D)  Streptomyces garyphalus 
E)  Bacillus subtilis 
A)  Amycolatopsis orientalis 
B)  Staphylococcus aureas 
C)  Veillonella parvula 
D)  Streptomyces garyphalus 
E)  Bacillus subtilis

Question 4

Which of the following would NOT be considered a way to fight bacterial resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  creating molecules without antibiotic activity that can compete and bind antibiotic-resistance enzymes 
B)  increase the amount of antibiotics in our foods to prevent food-borne infection 
C)  alter the structure of antibiotics to sterically hinder the binding of antibiotic-resistance enzymes 
D)  link different antibiotics together, forming hybrid antibiotics with dual action and targets 
E)  administer antibiotics more prudently when possible 
A)  creating molecules without antibiotic activity that can compete and bind antibiotic-resistance enzymes 
B)  increase the amount of antibiotics in our foods to prevent food-borne infection 
C)  alter the structure of antibiotics to sterically hinder the binding of antibiotic-resistance enzymes 
D)  link different antibiotics together, forming hybrid antibiotics with dual action and targets 
E)  administer antibiotics more prudently when possible

Question 5

A negative structural mutation in the norA gene in Staphylococcus aureus could have the effect of

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased protein synthesis. 
B)  increased bacterial conjugation. 
C)  decreased drug resistance. 
D)  increased uptake of beta-lactams. 
E)  decreased rate of clonal division. 
A)  decreased protein synthesis. 
B)  increased bacterial conjugation. 
C)  decreased drug resistance. 
D)  increased uptake of beta-lactams. 
E)  decreased rate of clonal division.

Question 6

Explain the activation of metronidazole using the figure below.

Accepted Answer

For anaerobes, single electron transfers

Question 7

Why is the newly discovered antibiotic class called pyronins considered to be a class of antibiotics that will be hard for a bacteria to become resistant to?

Accepted Answer

Pyronins are a new class of drugs produc

Question 8

Consider an MIC result of 10 mg of penicillin for bacterial strain A, 15 mg for stain B, 18 mg for strain C, and 27 mg of penicillin for strain D. It can be interpreted that bacterial strain ________ is more susceptible to penicillin than the others.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  All strains are equally susceptible. 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  All strains are equally susceptible.

Question 9

Salvarsan is an arsenical compound used to target the pathogen

Accepted Answer

A)  Treponema pallidum. 
B)  Plasmodium falciparium. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  Streptococcus mutans. 
E)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
A)  Treponema pallidum. 
B)  Plasmodium falciparium. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  Streptococcus mutans. 
E)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 10

A bacterial strain exhibiting a unique RNA polymerase structure would most likely inhibit the activity of which antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  rifampin 
B)  nalidixic acid 
C)  penicillin 
D)  streptomycin 
E)  chloramphenicol 
A)  rifampin 
B)  nalidixic acid 
C)  penicillin 
D)  streptomycin 
E)  chloramphenicol

Question 11

A bacterial strain exhibiting a DNA gyrase mutation would most likely inhibit the activity of what class of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  metronidazoles 
B)  tetracyclines 
C)  quinolones 
D)  cephalosporins 
E)  sulfa drugs 
A)  metronidazoles 
B)  tetracyclines 
C)  quinolones 
D)  cephalosporins 
E)  sulfa drugs

Question 12

A newly identified genomic target for treating penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is the

Accepted Answer

A)  CaPS: capsular polysaccharides. 
B)  Ply: pneumolysin toxin. 
C)  MotB: flagella protein. 
D)  PGRP: peptidoglycan recognition protein. 
E)  CbpG: pneumococcal adhesin protein. 
A)  CaPS: capsular polysaccharides. 
B)  Ply: pneumolysin toxin. 
C)  MotB: flagella protein. 
D)  PGRP: peptidoglycan recognition protein. 
E)  CbpG: pneumococcal adhesin protein.

Question 13

If a drug were designed that only seemed to affect the growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei, this drug would be considered ________ range.

Accepted Answer

A)  broad 
B)  uni-narrow 
C)  slightly narrow 
D)  extremely narrow 
E)  species-sensitive 
A)  broad 
B)  uni-narrow 
C)  slightly narrow 
D)  extremely narrow 
E)  species-sensitive

Question 14

A molecular microbiologist identified a unique sequence of DNA causing an amino acid shift mutation within the gene encoding for peptidoglycan transpeptidase in a clinical strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Summarize what this molecule does and hypothesize what benefit it could have to an organism.

Accepted Answer

The peptidoglycan transpeptidase enzyme

Question 15

A patient suffering from a systemic mycosis with aspergillosis would best be served by which antifungal?

Accepted Answer

A)  imidazole 
B)  lamisil 
C)  nystatin 
D)  amphotericin B 
E)  griseofulvin 
A)  imidazole 
B)  lamisil 
C)  nystatin 
D)  amphotericin B 
E)  griseofulvin

Question 16

Chemical synthesis of a new drug with a 15-member lactone ring structure would be predicted to be most similar to the antibiotic class ________ and the ________ inhibitor.

Accepted Answer

A)  gramicidin; membrane 
B)  nalidixic acid; DNA 
C)  actinomycin D; RNA synthesis 
D)  tetracyclines; 30S 
E)  macrolides; 50S 
A)  gramicidin; membrane 
B)  nalidixic acid; DNA 
C)  actinomycin D; RNA synthesis 
D)  tetracyclines; 30S 
E)  macrolides; 50S

Question 17

Describe the mechanism by which the influenza virus enters or exits a host cell and one potential drug target that is being used to prevent infection.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary based on student choic

Question 18

Which of the following is an antiviral that inhibits DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acyclovir 
B)  Amantadine 
C)  Zanamivir 
D)  Ribavirin 
E)  Raltegravir 
A)  Acyclovir 
B)  Amantadine 
C)  Zanamivir 
D)  Ribavirin 
E)  Raltegravir

Question 19

If a Staphylococcus aureas bacterium was to become resistant to a newly discovered antibiotic, what are the four basic forms of resistance this bacterium could have acquired?

Accepted Answer

The S. aureas bacterium could have acqui

Question 20

Why does the structure of gramicidin, shown below, only allow topical use as an antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of nucleic acid 
B)  synthesis of cell wall 
C)  beta lactam rings 
D)  DNA synthesis 
E)  It creates channels in cell membranes. 
A)  synthesis of nucleic acid 
B)  synthesis of cell wall 
C)  beta lactam rings 
D)  DNA synthesis 
E)  It creates channels in cell membranes.

Exam 27: Antimicrobial Therapy

Which of the following statements about the Kirby-Bauer assay is true?

Which of the following would NOT be a way that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria could inherit resistance genes from other bacteria?

What microbe would you grow if you wanted to prepare and isolate some vancomycin?

Which of the following would NOT be considered a way to fight bacterial resistance?

A negative structural mutation in the norA gene in Staphylococcus aureus could have the effect of

Explain the activation of metronidazole using the figure below.

Why is the newly discovered antibiotic class called pyronins considered to be a class of antibiotics that will be hard for a bacteria to become resistant to?

Consider an MIC result of 10 mg of penicillin for bacterial strain A, 15 mg for stain B, 18 mg for strain C, and 27 mg of penicillin for strain D. It can be interpreted that bacterial strain ________ is more susceptible to penicillin than the others.

Salvarsan is an arsenical compound used to target the pathogen

A bacterial strain exhibiting a unique RNA polymerase structure would most likely inhibit the activity of which antibiotic?

A bacterial strain exhibiting a DNA gyrase mutation would most likely inhibit the activity of what class of antibiotics?

A newly identified genomic target for treating penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is the

If a drug were designed that only seemed to affect the growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei, this drug would be considered ________ range.

A patient suffering from a systemic mycosis with aspergillosis would best be served by which antifungal?

Chemical synthesis of a new drug with a 15-member lactone ring structure would be predicted to be most similar to the antibiotic class ________ and the ________ inhibitor.

Describe the mechanism by which the influenza virus enters or exits a host cell and one potential drug target that is being used to prevent infection.

Which of the following is an antiviral that inhibits DNA synthesis?

If a Staphylococcus aureas bacterium was to become resistant to a newly discovered antibiotic, what are the four basic forms of resistance this bacterium could have acquired?

Why does the structure of gramicidin, shown below, only allow topical use as an antibiotic?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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Chemical synthesis of a new drug with a 15-member lactone ring structure would be predicted to be most similar to the antibiotic class and the inhibitor.