Question 1

List the steps for the classical complement cascade. Discuss two ways this cascade results in microbial destruction.

Accepted Answer

The classical complement cascade is a se

Question 2

The immune response elicited from each individual antigenic determinant found within an antigen is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  monoclonal. 
B)  multiclonal. 
C)  biclonal. 
D)  polyclonal. 
E)  triclonal. 
A)  monoclonal. 
B)  multiclonal. 
C)  biclonal. 
D)  polyclonal. 
E)  triclonal.

Question 3

A patient presents in the emergency room with large red lesions up and down his arms. His case history reveals that he works for a gardening company, and that this rash most likely developed after clearing a weedy bank two days prior. The resident on duty concludes that the rash is a result of poison ivy exposure. Immunologically speaking, what is going on in this man's body, and what type of immune response is he experiencing?

Accepted Answer

This man is experiencing a type IV, dela

Question 4

Which of the following would be considered an aspect of the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  interferons 
B)  lymphocytes 
C)  defensins 
D)  natural killer cells 
E)  neutrophils 
A)  interferons 
B)  lymphocytes 
C)  defensins 
D)  natural killer cells 
E)  neutrophils

Question 5

Mycobacteria spp. have evolved a mechanism to evade adaptive immunity by

Accepted Answer

A)  creating autoantibodies against activated T-cell populations. 
B)  triggering T- and B-cell apoptosis. 
C)  hiding within red blood cells of the body (similar to malarial infection). 
D)  inducing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10). 
E)  producing phagocytic chemorepellants and paralyzing neutrophils. 
A)  creating autoantibodies against activated T-cell populations. 
B)  triggering T- and B-cell apoptosis. 
C)  hiding within red blood cells of the body (similar to malarial infection). 
D)  inducing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10). 
E)  producing phagocytic chemorepellants and paralyzing neutrophils.

Question 6

The inflammatory antibody of someone undergoing an allergic reaction to cat dander would be found primarily

Accepted Answer

A)  in the lymph nodes. 
B)  free-floating in the bloodstream. 
C)  bound to mast cells and basophils. 
D)  in mucus secretions. 
E)  attached to T cells. 
A)  in the lymph nodes. 
B)  free-floating in the bloodstream. 
C)  bound to mast cells and basophils. 
D)  in mucus secretions. 
E)  attached to T cells.

Question 7

The difference between antibody allotypes and isotypes is that isotypes are ________ and allotypes are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the differences in constant regions; differences within isotypes 
B)  differences within allotypes; the differences in constant regions 
C)  the differences in constant regions; alternations in the hypervariable regions 
D)  alternations in the hypervariable regions; differences within isotypes 
E)  alternations in the hypervariable regions of one person; alternations in the hypervariable regions among a species 
A)  the differences in constant regions; differences within isotypes 
B)  differences within allotypes; the differences in constant regions 
C)  the differences in constant regions; alternations in the hypervariable regions 
D)  alternations in the hypervariable regions; differences within isotypes 
E)  alternations in the hypervariable regions of one person; alternations in the hypervariable regions among a species

Question 8

Regulation of complement destruction of normal body cells is controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)  CD8, serum factor C3b, and serum albumin. 
B)  CD58, serum factor H, and decay-accelerating factor. 
C)  CD4, serum factor Bb, and decay-accelerating factor. 
D)  MHC I, serum factor C5a, and serum lipoprotein. 
E)  MHC II, serum albumin, and T regulatory cells. 
A)  CD8, serum factor C3b, and serum albumin. 
B)  CD58, serum factor H, and decay-accelerating factor. 
C)  CD4, serum factor Bb, and decay-accelerating factor. 
D)  MHC I, serum factor C5a, and serum lipoprotein. 
E)  MHC II, serum albumin, and T regulatory cells.

Question 9

The chickenpox vaccine is created with an attenuated virus, and the rabies vaccine with an inactivated virus. This means that the chickenpox virus is a ________, and the rabies virus is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  subunit vaccine; a genetic vaccine 
B)  genetic vaccine; a subunit vaccine 
C)  nonfunctional form; living but weakened 
D)  subunit vaccine; nonfunctional 
E)  living weakened form; nonfunctional 
A)  subunit vaccine; a genetic vaccine 
B)  genetic vaccine; a subunit vaccine 
C)  nonfunctional form; living but weakened 
D)  subunit vaccine; nonfunctional 
E)  living weakened form; nonfunctional

Question 10

How can a person who has taken penicillin for a childhood ear infection later develop an allergy to penicillin when prescribed that drug again?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin is an example of a hapten. Ha

List the steps for the classical complement cascade. Discuss two ways this cascade results in microbial destruction.

The immune response elicited from each individual antigenic determinant found within an antigen is best described as

Which of the following would be considered an aspect of the adaptive immune response?

Mycobacteria spp. have evolved a mechanism to evade adaptive immunity by

The inflammatory antibody of someone undergoing an allergic reaction to cat dander would be found primarily

The difference between antibody allotypes and isotypes is that isotypes are and allotypes are .

Regulation of complement destruction of normal body cells is controlled by

The chickenpox vaccine is created with an attenuated virus, and the rabies vaccine with an inactivated virus. This means that the chickenpox virus is a , and the rabies virus is .

How can a person who has taken penicillin for a childhood ear infection later develop an allergy to penicillin when prescribed that drug again?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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Exam 24: The Adaptive Immune Response

List the steps for the classical complement cascade. Discuss two ways this cascade results in microbial destruction.

The immune response elicited from each individual antigenic determinant found within an antigen is best described as

Which of the following would be considered an aspect of the adaptive immune response?

Mycobacteria spp. have evolved a mechanism to evade adaptive immunity by

The inflammatory antibody of someone undergoing an allergic reaction to cat dander would be found primarily

The difference between antibody allotypes and isotypes is that isotypes are ________ and allotypes are ________.

Regulation of complement destruction of normal body cells is controlled by

The chickenpox vaccine is created with an attenuated virus, and the rabies vaccine with an inactivated virus. This means that the chickenpox virus is a ________, and the rabies virus is ________.

How can a person who has taken penicillin for a childhood ear infection later develop an allergy to penicillin when prescribed that drug again?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

The difference between antibody allotypes and isotypes is that isotypes are and allotypes are .

The chickenpox vaccine is created with an attenuated virus, and the rabies vaccine with an inactivated virus. This means that the chickenpox virus is a , and the rabies virus is .