Question 1

The small segment of antigen that is capable of eliciting an immune response is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  hapten. 
B)  clonotope. 
C)  aggretope. 
D)  epitope. 
E)  naïve antigen. 
A)  hapten. 
B)  clonotope. 
C)  aggretope. 
D)  epitope. 
E)  naïve antigen.

Question 2

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial STD that lives intracellularly within human host cells. What immune response would most likely prevail in this infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  more TH2 cells than TH1 cells 
B)  more TH1 cells than TH2 cells 
C)  equal ratio of TH1 cells to TH2 cells 
D)  more B cells than CD8 cells 
E)  mostly antibodies 
A)  more TH2 cells than TH1 cells 
B)  more TH1 cells than TH2 cells 
C)  equal ratio of TH1 cells to TH2 cells 
D)  more B cells than CD8 cells 
E)  mostly antibodies

Question 3

The cells involved in shutting down immune responses that help prevent autoimmunity are

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells. 
B)  TH17. 
C)  cytokines. 
D)  Treg cells. 
E)  mast cells. 
A)  B cells. 
B)  TH17. 
C)  cytokines. 
D)  Treg cells. 
E)  mast cells.

Question 4

If infections are spread by person-to-person contact, what percentage of the population will be protected against herd immunity if people are not vaccinated?

Accepted Answer

A)  66% 
B)  25% 
C)  10% 
D)  100% 
E)  40% 
A)  66% 
B)  25% 
C)  10% 
D)  100% 
E)  40%

Question 5

Why is type AB blood considered to be the "universal recipient"? Explain what this means in terms of the antigens and antibodies present in blood types.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies in the serum of an individual

Question 6

Which of the following could be categorized as an example of humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  T regulatory cells 
B)  T helper cells 
C)  antimalaria antibodies 
D)  T cytotoxic cells 
E)  macrophages 
A)  T regulatory cells 
B)  T helper cells 
C)  antimalaria antibodies 
D)  T cytotoxic cells 
E)  macrophages

Question 7

Figure B below displays a A.

Accepted Answer

A)  denatured antigen. 
B)  antigen-presenting cell. 
C)  mast cell. 
D)  native antigen. 
E)  conformational epitope. 
A)  denatured antigen. 
B)  antigen-presenting cell. 
C)  mast cell. 
D)  native antigen. 
E)  conformational epitope.

Question 8

In a radial immunodiffusion assay, immunoprecipitation rings will be created within the agar dish based on

Accepted Answer

A)  equivalence point. 
B)  antibody isotype. 
C)  antibody allotype. 
D)  polyclonal antigen preparation. 
E)  Fc binding of antigens. 
A)  equivalence point. 
B)  antibody isotype. 
C)  antibody allotype. 
D)  polyclonal antigen preparation. 
E)  Fc binding of antigens.

Question 9

Some patients suffering from bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS), a rare immunodeficiency, have a genetic mutation in their TAP1/TAP2 genes causing the production of a defective TAP transporter. Describe what effect this has on antigen processing and in what cells.

Accepted Answer

TAP transporters are part of the endogen

Question 10

A surgical patient infected with a blood-borne Staphylococcus would initially produce an anti-staphylococcal antibody of the IgM class. Why is that?

Accepted Answer

This patient would be undergoing a prima

Question 11

During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching. ________ switching is most likely to occur, which is caused by ________ cytokines.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgD to IgE; B-cell 
B)  IgM to IgA; T-cell 
C)  IgG to IgM; B-cell 
D)  IgA to IgG; T-cell 
E)  IgD to IgM; T-cell 
A)  IgD to IgE; B-cell 
B)  IgM to IgA; T-cell 
C)  IgG to IgM; B-cell 
D)  IgA to IgG; T-cell 
E)  IgD to IgM; T-cell

Question 12

Bacteremia is a condition in which live bacteria enter the bloodstream, but not the cells of the body. Which form of processing would occur to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial peptide transported from cytoplasm to rER for presentation on MHC I 
B)  endocytosis by APC followed by presentation on MHC II 
C)  neutrophil phagocytosis with presentation on Fc receptor 
D)  cytotoxic T-cell endocytosis for presentation on CD8 receptor 
E)  B-cell capping for presentation on the B-cell receptor 
A)  bacterial peptide transported from cytoplasm to rER for presentation on MHC I 
B)  endocytosis by APC followed by presentation on MHC II 
C)  neutrophil phagocytosis with presentation on Fc receptor 
D)  cytotoxic T-cell endocytosis for presentation on CD8 receptor 
E)  B-cell capping for presentation on the B-cell receptor

Question 13

An example of an antigen that could stimulate naïve B-cell proliferation and differentiation without the help of a T cell would be a(n) ________ molecule from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lipopolysaccharide; Proteus vulgaris 
B)  plasmid DNA; Yersinia pestis 
C)  protein A; Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  anthrax toxin; Bacillus anthracis 
E)  porin protein; Escherichia coli 
A)  lipopolysaccharide; Proteus vulgaris 
B)  plasmid DNA; Yersinia pestis 
C)  protein A; Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  anthrax toxin; Bacillus anthracis 
E)  porin protein; Escherichia coli

Question 14

In 2004, doctors successfully used gene therapy with a severely defective leukemia virus to insert a cytokine receptor gene needed for T-cell development into the bone marrow of four children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). What is SCID, and how did doing this procedure address the disease?

Accepted Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 15

Capping of B-cell receptors on the surface of an antigen-exposed B cell immediately causes

Accepted Answer

A)  VDJ gene switching, recombination, and hypermutation. 
B)  neutrophil phagocytosis of the antigen. 
C)  complement cascade signaling and antigen destruction. 
D)  cell-signaling cascade, inducing cell proliferation and differentiation. 
E)  helper T-cell proliferation and regulatory T-cell differentiation. 
A)  VDJ gene switching, recombination, and hypermutation. 
B)  neutrophil phagocytosis of the antigen. 
C)  complement cascade signaling and antigen destruction. 
D)  cell-signaling cascade, inducing cell proliferation and differentiation. 
E)  helper T-cell proliferation and regulatory T-cell differentiation.

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response within a human?

Accepted Answer

A)  an outer membrane protein from Plasmodium falciparium 
B)  an RNA genome from HIV 
C)  a DNA genome from herpes 
D)  a capsular polysaccharide coating from Streptococcus mutans 
E)  a plasma membrane from Escherichia coli 
A)  an outer membrane protein from Plasmodium falciparium 
B)  an RNA genome from HIV 
C)  a DNA genome from herpes 
D)  a capsular polysaccharide coating from Streptococcus mutans 
E)  a plasma membrane from Escherichia coli

Question 17

Detail the benefits and predict possible risks of vaccinations.

Accepted Answer

Benefits of vaccines include lowering th

Question 18

RAG1 and RAG2 are enzymes that control gene splicing on B-cell antibody genes. Which order are segments worked on in the creation of the heavy-chain gene segment?

Accepted Answer

A)  VD spliced together, then J, then C 
B)  DJ spliced together, then V 
C)  VJ spliced together, then D 
D)  VC spliced together, then D, then J 
E)  VDJ segments are all spliced together simultaneously. 
A)  VD spliced together, then J, then C 
B)  DJ spliced together, then V 
C)  VJ spliced together, then D 
D)  VC spliced together, then D, then J 
E)  VDJ segments are all spliced together simultaneously.

Question 19

Using the figure below, interpret what is occurring at stage 3.

Accepted Answer

Epithelial cells, macrophages,

Question 20

A baby will receive ________ class of antibodies from his or her mother before birth through the umbilical cord, and then ________ class of antibodies through the breast milk after birth.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG; IgA 
B)  IgM; IgD 
C)  IgG; IgM 
D)  IgM; IgA 
E)  IgE; IgG 
A)  IgG; IgA 
B)  IgM; IgD 
C)  IgG; IgM 
D)  IgM; IgA 
E)  IgE; IgG

Exam 24: The Adaptive Immune Response

The small segment of antigen that is capable of eliciting an immune response is called a(n)

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial STD that lives intracellularly within human host cells. What immune response would most likely prevail in this infection?

The cells involved in shutting down immune responses that help prevent autoimmunity are

If infections are spread by person-to-person contact, what percentage of the population will be protected against herd immunity if people are not vaccinated?

Why is type AB blood considered to be the "universal recipient"? Explain what this means in terms of the antigens and antibodies present in blood types.

Which of the following could be categorized as an example of humoral immunity?

Figure B below displays a A.

In a radial immunodiffusion assay, immunoprecipitation rings will be created within the agar dish based on

Some patients suffering from bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS), a rare immunodeficiency, have a genetic mutation in their TAP1/TAP2 genes causing the production of a defective TAP transporter. Describe what effect this has on antigen processing and in what cells.

A surgical patient infected with a blood-borne Staphylococcus would initially produce an anti-staphylococcal antibody of the IgM class. Why is that?

During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching. ________ switching is most likely to occur, which is caused by ________ cytokines.

Bacteremia is a condition in which live bacteria enter the bloodstream, but not the cells of the body. Which form of processing would occur to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response?

An example of an antigen that could stimulate naïve B-cell proliferation and differentiation without the help of a T cell would be a(n) ________ molecule from ________.

Capping of B-cell receptors on the surface of an antigen-exposed B cell immediately causes

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response within a human?

Detail the benefits and predict possible risks of vaccinations.

RAG1 and RAG2 are enzymes that control gene splicing on B-cell antibody genes. Which order are segments worked on in the creation of the heavy-chain gene segment?

Using the figure below, interpret what is occurring at stage 3.

A baby will receive ________ class of antibodies from his or her mother before birth through the umbilical cord, and then ________ class of antibodies through the breast milk after birth.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching. switching is most likely to occur, which is caused by cytokines.

An example of an antigen that could stimulate naïve B-cell proliferation and differentiation without the help of a T cell would be a(n) molecule from .

A baby will receive class of antibodies from his or her mother before birth through the umbilical cord, and then class of antibodies through the breast milk after birth.