Question 1

Innate lymphoid cells in the gut can be stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Treg cells. 
B)  cytotoxic T cells. 
C)  hormones. 
D)  IgA. 
E)  SIgA. 
A)  Treg cells. 
B)  cytotoxic T cells. 
C)  hormones. 
D)  IgA. 
E)  SIgA.

Question 2

X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHIM) is an immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations of the gene encoding CD154. Why is this disease characterized by recurrent infections (starting in childhood) and elevated serum levels of IgM?

Accepted Answer

B-cell activation requires two sets of s

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT associated with overall human health?

Accepted Answer

A)  introduction of Treg cell production 
B)  encounters with TLRs 
C)  antigen interactions with dendritic cells 
D)  encounters with NLRs 
E)  fecal transplant 
A)  introduction of Treg cell production 
B)  encounters with TLRs 
C)  antigen interactions with dendritic cells 
D)  encounters with NLRs 
E)  fecal transplant

Question 4

What cells are NOT associated with the gut epithelia?

Accepted Answer

A)  columnar epithelial cells 
B)  intestinal epithelial cells 
C)  goblet cells 
D)  B cells 
E)  helper T cells 
A)  columnar epithelial cells 
B)  intestinal epithelial cells 
C)  goblet cells 
D)  B cells 
E)  helper T cells

Question 5

A threshold dose of antigen is best described as the dose needed to

Accepted Answer

A)  generate an optimal immune response. 
B)  activate only a few immune cells. 
C)  generate only a T-cell response. 
D)  induce immune complement response. 
E)  induce immunological tolerance. 
A)  generate an optimal immune response. 
B)  activate only a few immune cells. 
C)  generate only a T-cell response. 
D)  induce immune complement response. 
E)  induce immunological tolerance.

Question 6

A typical antibody molecule has ________ antigen-binding sites.

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  two 
E)  three 
A)  one 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  two 
E)  three

Question 7

Using the information presented in the table below, discuss why most vaccines are given between birth and 24 months.

Accepted Answer

Vaccines are given in the first 24 month

Question 8

There are ________ polypeptide chains in the typical antibody.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  12 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  8 
A)  2 
B)  12 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  8

Question 9

The ________ vaccine is inactivated.

Accepted Answer

A)  influenza 
B)  DTap 
C)  hepatitis B 
D)  HPV 
E)  MMR 
A)  influenza 
B)  DTap 
C)  hepatitis B 
D)  HPV 
E)  MMR

Question 10

What process is shown in the figure below?

Accepted Answer

A)  elicitation of an immune response 
B)  haptens 
C)  immunoprecipitation 
D)  antibodies preventing attachment 
E)  basic antibody structure 
A)  elicitation of an immune response 
B)  haptens 
C)  immunoprecipitation 
D)  antibodies preventing attachment 
E)  basic antibody structure

Question 11

To which superfamily do antibodies belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukins 
B)  heat shock 
C)  immunoglobulin 
D)  major histocompatibility complex 
E)  homeobox 
A)  interleukins 
B)  heat shock 
C)  immunoglobulin 
D)  major histocompatibility complex 
E)  homeobox

Question 12

A mutation that caused a person to have an ineffective complement C6 protein would have a direct effect on formation of

Accepted Answer

A)  complement-antibody complex. 
B)  C3 convertase. 
C)  C3b opsonins for phagocytosis. 
D)  membrane attack complex. 
E)  C5 convertase. 
A)  complement-antibody complex. 
B)  C3 convertase. 
C)  C3b opsonins for phagocytosis. 
D)  membrane attack complex. 
E)  C5 convertase.

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response if injected intravenously into a mouse?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sterile glucose solution 
B)  equine serum albumin 
C)  complement proteins from another mouse 
D)  red blood cells from a transfusion-compatible species 
E)  mouse antigoat antibodies 
A)  a sterile glucose solution 
B)  equine serum albumin 
C)  complement proteins from another mouse 
D)  red blood cells from a transfusion-compatible species 
E)  mouse antigoat antibodies

Question 14

Which antibodies help compartmentalize the gut system?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM 
B)  IgE 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgD 
A)  IgM 
B)  IgE 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgD

Question 15

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder affecting the skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs. A hallmark of lupus is the production of an array of autoantibodies. Some scientists believe that the autoantibody formation seen in lupus is a result of Epstein-Barr virus molecular mimicry. What do these scientists believe has happened in the case of lupus? Give one example as evidential support.

Accepted Answer

Autoimmunity is the loss of tolerance to

Question 16

Why are macrophages, monocytes, mast cells, and dendritic cells considered "professional" antigen-presenting cells, whereas fibroblasts are considered "nonprofessional" antigen-presenting cells?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages, monocytes, mast cells, and

Question 17

Positive selection in T-cell education refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  T-cell receptors that can bind strongly to self MHC proteins. 
B)  CD8 receptors that can bind strongly to self MHC proteins. 
C)  T-cell receptors that can bind weakly to self MHC proteins. 
D)  CD4 that can bind weakly to self MHC proteins. 
E)  B-cell receptors that bind weakly to T-cell receptors. 
A)  T-cell receptors that can bind strongly to self MHC proteins. 
B)  CD8 receptors that can bind strongly to self MHC proteins. 
C)  T-cell receptors that can bind weakly to self MHC proteins. 
D)  CD4 that can bind weakly to self MHC proteins. 
E)  B-cell receptors that bind weakly to T-cell receptors.

Question 18

If a person is infected with the cold virus one year, why can he or she still catch a cold again the next year, even if his or her immune system is working properly?

Accepted Answer

Cross-protection of antibodies created f

Question 19

A complete T-cell receptor on a helper T cell contains both the antigen-binding receptor molecule and a ________ protein for signal transduction.

Accepted Answer

A)  CD8 
B)  CD3 complex 
C)  MHC I 
D)  MHC II 
E)  CD28 
A)  CD8 
B)  CD3 complex 
C)  MHC I 
D)  MHC II 
E)  CD28

Question 20

The five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD) that can be produced during an immune response are based on differences in ________ chain regions.

Accepted Answer

A)  CL 
B)  VH 
C)  CH 
D)  VL 
E)  all constant and variable 
A)  CL 
B)  VH 
C)  CH 
D)  VL 
E)  all constant and variable

Exam 24: The Adaptive Immune Response

Innate lymphoid cells in the gut can be stimulated by

X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHIM) is an immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations of the gene encoding CD154. Why is this disease characterized by recurrent infections (starting in childhood) and elevated serum levels of IgM?

Which of the following is NOT associated with overall human health?

What cells are NOT associated with the gut epithelia?

A threshold dose of antigen is best described as the dose needed to

A typical antibody molecule has ________ antigen-binding sites.

Using the information presented in the table below, discuss why most vaccines are given between birth and 24 months.

There are ________ polypeptide chains in the typical antibody.

The ________ vaccine is inactivated.

What process is shown in the figure below?

To which superfamily do antibodies belong?

A mutation that caused a person to have an ineffective complement C6 protein would have a direct effect on formation of

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response if injected intravenously into a mouse?

Which antibodies help compartmentalize the gut system?

Why are macrophages, monocytes, mast cells, and dendritic cells considered "professional" antigen-presenting cells, whereas fibroblasts are considered "nonprofessional" antigen-presenting cells?

Positive selection in T-cell education refers to

If a person is infected with the cold virus one year, why can he or she still catch a cold again the next year, even if his or her immune system is working properly?

A complete T-cell receptor on a helper T cell contains both the antigen-binding receptor molecule and a ________ protein for signal transduction.

The five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD) that can be produced during an immune response are based on differences in ________ chain regions.

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