Question 1

Many restriction enzymes recognize palindromic sequences on double-stranded DNA. Among the following, which is a palindromic sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-GATTACCTAGG-3'
3'-CCTAGGTAATC-5' 
B)  5'-ATTACTTTA-3'
3'-TAATGAAAT-5' 
C)  5'-GCCTAGGA-3'
3'-CGGATCCT-5' 
D)  5'-CTAATGGATCC-3'
3'-GATTACCTAGG-5' 
E)  5'-GGATCC-3'
3'-CCTAGG-5' 
A)  5'-GATTACCTAGG-3'
3'-CCTAGGTAATC-5' 
B)  5'-ATTACTTTA-3'
3'-TAATGAAAT-5' 
C)  5'-GCCTAGGA-3'
3'-CGGATCCT-5' 
D)  5'-CTAATGGATCC-3'
3'-GATTACCTAGG-5' 
E)  5'-GGATCC-3'
3'-CCTAGG-5'

Question 2

Which of the following are DNA chain-terminator molecules and were used in the original biochemical approach to DNA sequencing devised by Frederick Sanger in the 1970s?

Accepted Answer

A)  2'-Deoxyribonucleotides 
B)  3'-Deoxyribonucleotides 
C)  2', 3'-Dideoxyribonucleotides 
D)  2'-Deoxyuridine and 2'-deoxyadenosine 
E)  Uridine and adenosine 
A)  2'-Deoxyribonucleotides 
B)  3'-Deoxyribonucleotides 
C)  2', 3'-Dideoxyribonucleotides 
D)  2'-Deoxyuridine and 2'-deoxyadenosine 
E)  Uridine and adenosine

Question 3

What role does lysozyme play when isolating DNA from bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  It degrades the lipids in the cell membranes. 
B)  It breaks down the peptidoglycan cell wall. 
C)  It hydrolyzes cytoplasmic proteins. 
D)  It prevents DNA degradation after elution from DNA-binding columns. 
E)  It degrades contaminating RNA. 
A)  It degrades the lipids in the cell membranes. 
B)  It breaks down the peptidoglycan cell wall. 
C)  It hydrolyzes cytoplasmic proteins. 
D)  It prevents DNA degradation after elution from DNA-binding columns. 
E)  It degrades contaminating RNA.

Question 4

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about pseudogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Portions of their DNA sequences are similar to those of genes with known functions. 
B)  RNA can be transcribed from some pseudogenes, but the protein products will not have an obvious function. 
C)  Pseudogenes are lost more quickly in bacteria because of their faster replication processes. 
D)  Bacterial pseudogenes account for less of the genome than in eukaryotes. 
E)  Pseudogenes have not been found in bacteria. 
A)  Portions of their DNA sequences are similar to those of genes with known functions. 
B)  RNA can be transcribed from some pseudogenes, but the protein products will not have an obvious function. 
C)  Pseudogenes are lost more quickly in bacteria because of their faster replication processes. 
D)  Bacterial pseudogenes account for less of the genome than in eukaryotes. 
E)  Pseudogenes have not been found in bacteria.

Question 5

Enzymes that modify the supercoiling of a DNA molecule are called

Accepted Answer

A)  ligases. 
B)  primases. 
C)  transferases. 
D)  topoisomerases. 
E)  acetylases. 
A)  ligases. 
B)  primases. 
C)  transferases. 
D)  topoisomerases. 
E)  acetylases.

Question 6

The movement of genetic material from one cell into another is called

Accepted Answer

A)  vertical gene transfer. 
B)  horizontal gene transfer. 
C)  recombination. 
D)  transformation. 
E)  expression. 
A)  vertical gene transfer. 
B)  horizontal gene transfer. 
C)  recombination. 
D)  transformation. 
E)  expression.

Question 7

________ is an enzyme that may have evolved from ancient progenitor cells with an RNA genome, and it functions as a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Primase; helicase 
B)  Primase; reverse transcriptase 
C)  Telomerase; helicase 
D)  Telomerase; reverse transcriptase 
E)  Telomerase; methylator and acetylator 
A)  Primase; helicase 
B)  Primase; reverse transcriptase 
C)  Telomerase; helicase 
D)  Telomerase; reverse transcriptase 
E)  Telomerase; methylator and acetylator

Question 8

Plasmids are NOT

Accepted Answer

A)  found in archaea. 
B)  found in bacteria. 
C)  found in eukaryotes. 
D)  supercoiled. 
E)  usually circular. 
A)  found in archaea. 
B)  found in bacteria. 
C)  found in eukaryotes. 
D)  supercoiled. 
E)  usually circular.

Question 9

In the figure below, which depicts the activation step in bacterial DNA replication, the letter Q points to ________, and the letters R and S point to ________, respectively.

Accepted Answer

A)  DnaA-ATP proteins; 9-mer repeats within oriC and 13-mer sequences 
B)  Primase; oriC and 13-mer repeats 
C)  SeqA protein; 13-mer repeats and 9-mer basepairs within oriC 
D)  DamA methylase; 9-mer repeats within oriC and 13-mer repeats 
E)  gyrase; 13-mer repeats and 9-mer sequences within oriC 
A)  DnaA-ATP proteins; 9-mer repeats within oriC and 13-mer sequences 
B)  Primase; oriC and 13-mer repeats 
C)  SeqA protein; 13-mer repeats and 9-mer basepairs within oriC 
D)  DamA methylase; 9-mer repeats within oriC and 13-mer repeats 
E)  gyrase; 13-mer repeats and 9-mer sequences within oriC

Question 10

Why is replication of the lagging DNA strand a problem, and how is this problem overcome?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides

Many restriction enzymes recognize palindromic sequences on double-stranded DNA. Among the following, which is a palindromic sequence?

Which of the following are DNA chain-terminator molecules and were used in the original biochemical approach to DNA sequencing devised by Frederick Sanger in the 1970s?

What role does lysozyme play when isolating DNA from bacterial cells?

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about pseudogenes?

Enzymes that modify the supercoiling of a DNA molecule are called

The movement of genetic material from one cell into another is called

is an enzyme that may have evolved from ancient progenitor cells with an RNA genome, and it functions as a .

Plasmids are NOT

In the figure below, which depicts the activation step in bacterial DNA replication, the letter Q points to , and the letters R and S point to , respectively.

Why is replication of the lagging DNA strand a problem, and how is this problem overcome?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

Exam 7: Genomes and Chromosomes

Many restriction enzymes recognize palindromic sequences on double-stranded DNA. Among the following, which is a palindromic sequence?

Which of the following are DNA chain-terminator molecules and were used in the original biochemical approach to DNA sequencing devised by Frederick Sanger in the 1970s?

What role does lysozyme play when isolating DNA from bacterial cells?

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about pseudogenes?

Enzymes that modify the supercoiling of a DNA molecule are called

The movement of genetic material from one cell into another is called

________ is an enzyme that may have evolved from ancient progenitor cells with an RNA genome, and it functions as a ________.

Plasmids are NOT

In the figure below, which depicts the activation step in bacterial DNA replication, the letter Q points to ________, and the letters R and S point to ________, respectively.

Why is replication of the lagging DNA strand a problem, and how is this problem overcome?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

is an enzyme that may have evolved from ancient progenitor cells with an RNA genome, and it functions as a .

In the figure below, which depicts the activation step in bacterial DNA replication, the letter Q points to , and the letters R and S point to , respectively.