Exam 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The female hormone seems to decrease sodium reabsorption, thus promoting sodium and water loss by the kidney.

Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system?

Heavy consumption of salt substitutes high in potassium can present a serious clinical problem when aldosterone release is not normal.

The regulation of sodium _.

A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates _ .

Premenstrual edema may be due to enhanced reabsorption of sodium chloride.

Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted French fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology?

Thirst is always a reliable indicator of body water need.

Describe the mechanisms by which the kidneys remove hydrogen ions from the body.

To remain properly hydrated, water intake must equal water output.

Calcitonin targets the bones and causes the release of calcium from storage when serum levels are low.

Which of the following is not a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin?

Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by .

Newborn infants have a relatively higher content in their ECF than do adults.

Although the sodium content of the body may be altered, its concentration in the ECF remains relatively stable because of immediate adjustments in water volume.

The most important physiological buffer systems are the lungs and _.

The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of .

The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is .

The phosphate buffer system is relatively unimportant for buffering blood plasma.

It is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions.