Exam 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Carotid artery and aortic baroreceptors are involved in long term adjustment to total body sodium ion content.

Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most is found in the intracellular fluid.

How does the respiratory system influence the buffer systems of the body?

A patient's anxiety caused her to develop respiratory alkalosis. The nurse instructs the patient to take some slow deep breaths. Explain why this would be effective.

Hypercalcemia causes muscle tetany.

The main way the kidney regulates potassium ions is to excrete them.

Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid- base balance, which of the following is most likely?

The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are pituitary hormone and calcitonin.

Salts are lost from the body in perspiration, and urine only.

Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?

Solutes, regardless of size, are able to move freely between compartments because water carries them along the osmotic gradients.

The single most important blood buffer system is the bicarbonate buffer system.

Prolonged hyperventilation can cause alkalosis.

Total body water is not a function of which of the following?

When aldosterone release is inhibited, sodium reabsorption cannot occur beyond the distal convoluted tubule.

Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasodilation and potassium and water retention.

Describe the influence of rising PTH levels on bone, the small intestine, and the kidneys.

Why would an infant with colic be suffering from respiratory alkalosis?

Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base balance are particularly common in infants because of their .

Molecules that can act reversibly as acids or bases depending upon the pH of their environment are called .