Exam 28: Community Interactions

Fleas on a dog are an example of

There are several species of plain- looking, brownish- gray moths that, when they spread their wings, have large bright red or orange eye- shaped circles on their hind wings. What is this adaptation called, and what advantage does it give to the moth?

Along many southern bayous, you can see the remnants of old plantations that have been reclaimed by the forest and swamp in a process known as succession.

The Masai people of Kenya, in east Africa, regularly consume the blood and milk of their cattle. The cattle derive a net benefit because the Masai also protect them from predators and help them find water and food. Based on this information, the relationship between the Masai and cattle is best classified as

Every species occupies a unique ecological that encompasses all aspects of its way of life.

The process by which two interacting species act as agents of natural selection on one another is called

A lichen is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.

A protist lives in the gut of a termite, breaking down the cellulose that the termite ingests and providing glucose to benefit both of them. This kind of relationship is called .

After forest harvest in an old- growth forest of the Oregon Cascades, an ecologist noted that the species that were present after 5 years differed from the species that were present 25 years later, and these differed from the species that were present 75 years later. What are the general characteristics of the species at each stage, and why does the community change over time?

In , the interaction between two species harms both of them.

In his 1961 paper "The Paradox of the Plankton," ecologist G. E. Hutchinson noted that several species of algae coexist, sharing the same few mineral nutrient resources in homogeneous open- water systems. Because there is little chance of resource partitioning and niche differentiation in such a situation, the paradox of their coexistence is an apparent violation of

Two species of buttercup are found in the same field in South Dakota, but they emerge at different times: One species emerges and flowers in early spring, and the other species does not emerge until late summer, after the first species has set seed. This is an example of

A species that is a mimic will most likely

Mosquitoes are

What distinguishes predators from parasites?

What evidence did Gause and MacArthur find for the competitive exclusion principle?

On the slopes of the Washington Cascades, ecologists have studied some closely related vole species for decades. Many of these vole species, when they occur on separate mountains, tend to choose very similar seed sizes for food. However, when these species occur together on the same mountain slope, their food choices tend to differ, with some species selecting small seeds and others feeding exclusively on larger seeds. This behavior may be an example of

Organisms introduced as biocontrols for an invasive species can harm native species.

A species of caterpillar develops toxic spikes that deter the birds that prey on it. Over time, the genetics of the bird population shifts so that an allele for a digestive enzyme that neutralizes the toxin becomes more common. This is an example of

Competition between the members of two species is